← Eli Lilly and Company

LLY · Forward model · Bear case

The Bear case, 20 quarters out

Model as of

Each segment is projected from its own operating driver, rolled up into consolidated cash flow, and discounted back to a fair value per share. The assumptions below are editable — change them and every number on this page moves with them.

Eli Lilly operates as a SINGLE reportable segment. The five verticals here are the ASC 606 disaggregation of revenue by therapeutic area that Lilly publishes in the 10-Q and 10-K revenue note - Cardiometabolic Health, Oncology, Immunology, Neuroscience and Other - and nothing finer is modelled, because nothing finer is disclosed. Revenue splits; profitability does not. Eight of the ten quarters are read directly from three-month columns in five 10-Qs; the two fourth quarters are derived as full year minus nine months and are marked estimated on every line. The five verticals sum to the reported $22,974M of 2026 Q2 revenue exactly, with no plug, and reconcile within $1.1M of rounding in all ten quarters. History stops at 2024 Q1 on purpose: the 2024-vintage filings label the largest line 'Diabetes and obesity' and their area lines do not sum to consolidated revenue, so splicing 2023 on would import a definitional break into exactly the place the seasonal factors are read from. No per-therapeutic-area margin exists in any filing, so all five verticals carry the same consolidated 52.2% EBITDA margin: the guided FY2026 non-GAAP performance-margin midpoint of 49.75%, which is the company's own gross margin less R&D less MS&A, plus 2.4 points of depreciation and amortisation from the H1 cash-flow statement. The 8.0% corporate overhead is the acquired in-process R&D charge treated as an ongoing cost of the pipeline rather than a one-off; it is an assumption, calibrated so that the first projected quarter's 26.2% FCF margin sits just above the 25.2% Lilly actually printed in H1 2026, and it is far below the 12.1% of revenue that 2026 Q2's own $2,776M charge represented. Capex intensity starts at the disclosed H1 2026 rate of 12.3% and glides toward 8.0%; the $4.5 billion Indiana manufacturing commitment is NOT added as a separate capital programme because it is already inside that capex rate and would otherwise be counted twice. Tax is the guided 18-19% non-GAAP rate at 18.5%, applied unlevered - interest is not deducted from cash flow because the $45.96 billion of net debt is deducted from enterprise value instead. The base case does NOT match the FY2026 revenue guide and does not pretend to: it prints $89.8 billion against the guided $85.0-$87.0 billion, and the reason is arithmetic rather than optimism - holding every one of the five lines at zero deseasonalised growth still produces $87.9 billion, because the guided range implies an H2 below the Q2 run rate that the deseasonalised series has never printed. The bear case is where guidance is taken literally, and it lands at $85.9 billion.

LLY forward model
Horizon
Fair value per share $377.66 −67% against $1,157.08
Terminal-year revenue $94.88B last four projected quarters
Enterprise value $383.46B $92.88B explicit + $290.58B terminal

Take the guidance literally. Raised full-year guidance of $85.0-$87.0 billion against $42.773 billion already booked in the first half leaves $42.2-$44.2 billion for the second - flat to slightly up sequentially after a first half that grew 51% year over year. This case assumes that is real: the prior-period rebate and discount adjustments and the $250 million Jardiance milestone that flattered the first half are stripped out as a 10% level step on the cardiometabolic run rate, trend growth runs a point a quarter below base, margin gives up three points to price erosion, and the exit multiple compresses to 4.5x revenue. FY2026 lands at $85.9 billion, inside the guided range and near its bottom.

LLY REVENUE MODEL

Latest: $24.50B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2024Q1 $8.77B
2024Q2 $11.30B
2024Q3 $11.44B
2024Q4 $13.53B
2025Q1 $12.73B
2025Q2 $15.56B
2025Q3 $17.60B
2025Q4 $19.29B
2026Q1 $19.80B
2026Q2 $22.97B
2026Q3E $20.99B
2026Q4E $22.11B
2027Q1E $19.93B
2027Q2E $22.47B
2027Q3E $22.16B
2027Q4E $23.20B
2028Q1E $20.82B
2028Q2E $23.36B
2028Q3E $22.94B
2028Q4E $23.92B
2029Q1E $21.40B
2029Q2E $23.93B
2029Q3E $23.44B
2029Q4E $24.37B
2030Q1E $21.77B
2030Q2E $24.29B
2030Q3E $23.74B
2030Q4E $24.65B
2031Q1E $21.99B
2031Q2E $24.50B
Scenarios

Where each case comes from

Bear case — primary sources

The primary sources this case is built from — filings, calls and posts. Where they are claims by an interested party rather than disclosures, every number in the Bear column is what happens if they are taken at face value.

Ricks case — primary sources

The primary sources this case is built from — filings, calls and posts. Where they are claims by an interested party rather than disclosures, every number in the Ricks column is what happens if they are taken at face value.

Valuation

From cash flow to fair value

The published model, discounted at 8.0% a year with an exit multiple of 4.5x on revenue. The horizon and sliders above do not change this walk.

Present value of free cash flow, 20 quarters$92.88B
Terminal-year revenue$94.88B
Terminal-year EBITDA$39.09B
Exit multiple, on revenue4.5x
Terminal value$426.96B
Discounted at 8.0% a year, terminal value becomes$290.58B
Share of enterprise value from the terminal76%
Enterprise value$383.46B
Net cash−$45.96B
Equity value$337.50B
Shares0.89B
Fair value per share$377.66
Against the deployed price of $1,157.08, as of −67%

8% discount rate: a large-cap pharma WACC, near-zero equity beta premium over the market offset by patent-cliff terminal risk. 6.0x exit EV/revenue is an assumption, not a comp-derived figure - comparable multiples were not verified in the research pass and must not be quoted as evidence. It is a de-rated large-cap pharma terminal multiple on the view that today's 13.5x EV to guided FY2026 revenue is a growth multiple unlikely to survive to 2031. On the model's terminal four quarters - $129.2bn of revenue and $57.1bn of EBITDA after the corporate overhead - 6.0x revenue is 13.6x EBITDA. The scenarios move it from 4.5x to 8.5x, and the exit multiple is the single largest lever in this model - larger than any plausible margin or growth change.

Read the other way round: at $1,157.08 the market is paying 15.3x terminal-year revenue, holding every other assumption on this page fixed. That is the number to argue about.

Quarter by quarter

The projected path

The published model's 20 quarters. The horizon and sliders above do not change this table.

Quarter Cardiometabolic HealthOncologyImmunologyNeuroscienceOther Revenue YoY EBITDA Capex FCF R40 PV of FCF
2026 Q3E $16.23B$2.58B$1.54B$442M$205M $20.99B +19% $8.65B $2.54B $4.98B +43 $4.89B
2026 Q4E $16.96B$2.82B$1.67B$452M$205M $22.11B +15% $9.11B $2.63B $5.28B +38 $5.08B
2027 Q1E $15.74B$2.25B$1.29B$462M$204M $19.93B +1% $8.21B $2.33B $4.79B +25 $4.53B
2027 Q2E $17.66B$2.61B$1.52B$469M$204M $22.47B −2% $9.26B $2.58B $5.44B +22 $5.04B
2027 Q3E $17.24B$2.62B$1.63B$475M$203M $22.16B +6% $9.13B $2.51B $5.40B +30 $4.90B
2027 Q4E $17.91B$2.85B$1.76B$480M$202M $23.20B +5% $9.56B $2.59B $5.68B +29 $5.06B
2028 Q1E $16.53B$2.26B$1.35B$484M$201M $20.82B +4% $8.58B $2.29B $5.12B +29 $4.48B
2028 Q2E $18.46B$2.63B$1.58B$487M$200M $23.36B +4% $9.62B $2.53B $5.78B +29 $4.95B
2028 Q3E $17.93B$2.62B$1.70B$489M$199M $22.94B +4% $9.45B $2.46B $5.70B +28 $4.79B
2028 Q4E $18.56B$2.85B$1.82B$490M$198M $23.92B +3% $9.85B $2.53B $5.97B +28 $4.93B
2029 Q1E $17.06B$2.26B$1.39B$491M$197M $21.40B +3% $8.82B $2.24B $5.36B +28 $4.34B
2029 Q2E $19.00B$2.62B$1.63B$492M$195M $23.93B +2% $9.86B $2.47B $6.02B +28 $4.78B
2029 Q3E $18.40B$2.61B$1.74B$492M$194M $23.44B +2% $9.66B $2.39B $5.92B +27 $4.61B
2029 Q4E $18.99B$2.83B$1.87B$491M$192M $24.37B +2% $10.04B $2.46B $6.18B +27 $4.72B
2030 Q1E $17.42B$2.24B$1.42B$490M$191M $21.77B +2% $8.97B $2.18B $5.54B +27 $4.15B
2030 Q2E $19.36B$2.59B$1.66B$489M$189M $24.29B +1% $10.01B $2.40B $6.20B +27 $4.56B
2030 Q3E $18.72B$2.58B$1.77B$488M$188M $23.74B +1% $9.78B $2.33B $6.08B +27 $4.38B
2030 Q4E $19.28B$2.80B$1.89B$487M$186M $24.65B +1% $10.16B $2.39B $6.33B +27 $4.47B
2031 Q1E $17.66B$2.21B$1.44B$485M$185M $21.99B +1% $9.06B $2.12B $5.66B +27 $3.93B
2031 Q2E $19.60B$2.56B$1.68B$484M$183M $24.50B +1% $10.09B $2.34B $6.32B +27 $4.30B

Every row is projected. A year-over-year change is shown only where the quarter it compares against exists — an em dash means there is no comparable quarter, not a flat year.

Track record

Model revisions

Assumptions are marked to reality as each quarter prints. Every change is appended here, with the fair value the model produced at the time, so the model's own history stays visible.

DateFair value thenNote
2026-08-27 $678.07 Initial publication from the verified research brief on the 2026 Q2 basis quarter reported 5 August 2026. Five therapeutic-area verticals on the restated ASC 606 disaggregation, ten quarters of history, seasonality on cardiometabolic health, oncology and immunology only.