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TSLA · Forward model · Elon case

The Elon case, 20 quarters out

Each segment is projected from its own operating driver, rolled up into consolidated cash flow, and discounted back to a fair value per share. The assumptions below are editable — change them and every number on this page moves with them.

Tesla reports THREE segments — Automotive, Energy generation and storage, and Services and other — and this model carries eight, because the three mix businesses with completely different economics. The three PARENTS are reported and exact for every quarter shown (2026 Q2: $20,516M / $3,139M / $4,581M, $28,236M total, per the 8-K Exhibit 99.1). What is estimated is the split INSIDE them: FSD, Semi, Robotaxi and Optimus are carved out of Automotive, and storage and solar out of Energy, because Tesla discloses none of those separately. Services and other is carried as reported. Basis is 2026 Q2, the latest print.

Musk's own framing taken at face value: Optimus as the biggest product ever and ten times the next biggest, FSD as an approval problem rather than a capability one, Robotaxi as a high-utilisation network, and vehicles as robots on wheels. Note what it still does not reach — even here Optimus stays well short of the 10M a year Giga Texas figure inside this horizon.

TSLA REVENUE MODEL

Latest: $124.06B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2025Q2 $22.50B
2025Q3 $28.09B
2025Q4 $24.90B
2026Q1 $22.39B
2026Q2 $28.24B
2026Q3E $29.66B
2026Q4E $31.20B
2027Q1E $32.86B
2027Q2E $34.66B
2027Q3E $36.66B
2027Q4E $38.83B
2028Q1E $41.24B
2028Q2E $43.94B
2028Q3E $46.99B
2028Q4E $50.49B
2029Q1E $54.55B
2029Q2E $59.34B
2029Q3E $63.97B
2029Q4E $68.85B
2030Q1E $74.48B
2030Q2E $81.04B
2030Q3E $88.81B
2030Q4E $98.18B
2031Q1E $109.68B
2031Q2E $124.06B

What drives each segment

Automotive

Units × price
Basis quarter$19.81B
Final quarter$37.99B
Implied CAGR+14%
Share of revenue, final quarter31%
PV of segment cash flow$38.61B

Model 3/Y, Cybertruck and the next-gen platform, excluding FSD, which is carried separately. The cash engine that funds AI, robotics and energy — volume gated by pack capacity rather than demand, at mid-teens margins.

Last four quarters
2025 Q3 $20.75B Estimated
2025 Q4 $17.18B Estimated
2026 Q1 $15.65B Estimated
2026 Q2 $19.81B Estimated
Model 3 / Model YCybertruckNext-gen low-cost platformRegulatory credits
Units 480126/qtr growing +1.5% per quarter 480,126 vehicles delivered in 2026 Q2 — a record second quarter, as reported.
Price per unit $41264 drifting -0.7% per quarter $41.3k average, backed out of automotive revenue less FSD, Semi and Robotaxi over deliveries.
Automotive

Latest: $37.99B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2025Q2 $16.27B
2025Q3 $20.75B
2025Q4 $17.18B
2026Q1 $15.65B
2026Q2 $19.81B
2026Q3E $20.47B
2026Q4E $21.14B
2027Q1E $21.84B
2027Q2E $22.57B
2027Q3E $23.31B
2027Q4E $24.09B
2028Q1E $24.88B
2028Q2E $25.71B
2028Q3E $26.56B
2028Q4E $27.44B
2029Q1E $28.34B
2029Q2E $29.28B
2029Q3E $30.25B
2029Q4E $31.25B
2030Q1E $32.29B
2030Q2E $33.35B
2030Q3E $34.46B
2030Q4E $35.60B
2031Q1E $36.78B
2031Q2E $37.99B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • Modelled on units x price because Tesla's own constraint is physical: pack capacity caps units, and the next-gen platform lowers price deliberately. A single revenue growth rate would hide the fact that these two move in opposite directions.
  • FSD revenue is NOT in this line. It is carved out into its own vertical, so this is vehicles at hardware margin only. Leaving it in would flatter automotive margin and hide the software story the whole thesis rests on.
  • Margin glides 16% to 20% on scale and mix, which is deliberately unheroic. This line is modelled as a mature manufacturer that funds the rest of the company, not as a growth story.
  • It is still roughly two thirds of revenue at the basis quarter, so the valuation is far more sensitive to this line than to any of the optional ones — a point worth holding on to while reading the Optimus assumptions.

FSD / Autonomy

Subscribers × ARPU
Basis quarter$600M
Final quarter$22.47B
Implied CAGR+106%
Share of revenue, final quarter18%
PV of segment cash flow$111.04B

The software layer sold on top of the fleet: one-time purchases and subscriptions. High margin, attach-rate driven, and the enabler without which Robotaxi does not exist.

Last four quarters
2025 Q3 $450M Estimated
2025 Q4 $500M Estimated
2026 Q1 $551M Estimated
2026 Q2 $600M Estimated
FSD subscriptionsOne-time FSD purchasesLicensing to other OEMs
Subscribers 1.7M 28.3% of a 6.0M addressable base 1.7M paying subscribers against a 6M HW4-capable fleet — 28% attach, and the whole opportunity.
Addressable subscribers 6.0M the S-curve ceiling 6M HW4-capable vehicles. Older hardware cannot run current FSD and has never been retrofitted at scale.
Net adds 0/qtr ramping toward 0/qtr, throttled as the base approaches the TAM
Net-add ceiling 0/qtr what supply can deliver at full rate
ARPU $99.00/mo drifting +0.0% per quarter, floor $79.00 $99 a month, the current subscription price. Held flat: Tesla has cut this price before, never raised it.
Non-subscriber revenue $95M/qtr growing +8.0% per quarter $100M a quarter of deferred one-time FSD purchases recognised, plus early OEM licensing.
FSD / Autonomy

Latest: $22.47B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2025Q2 $380M
2025Q3 $450M
2025Q4 $500M
2026Q1 $551M
2026Q2 $600M
2026Q3E $836M
2026Q4E $1.11B
2027Q1E $1.41B
2027Q2E $1.76B
2027Q3E $2.17B
2027Q4E $2.62B
2028Q1E $3.15B
2028Q2E $3.74B
2028Q3E $4.42B
2028Q4E $5.20B
2029Q1E $6.08B
2029Q2E $7.10B
2029Q3E $8.25B
2029Q4E $9.57B
2030Q1E $11.07B
2030Q2E $12.79B
2030Q3E $14.75B
2030Q4E $16.99B
2031Q1E $19.55B
2031Q2E $22.47B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • Subscribers penetrate a GROWING fleet toward a 90% attach ceiling, so growth slows for two reasons in sequence: first as attach saturates the cars already sold, then because further growth can only come from new deliveries. Once penetration flattens near 90% this line tracks vehicle sales, which is what the automotive vertical above is already modelling.
  • TAM is the HW4-capable fleet, 6M at the basis quarter growing 4.9% a quarter, not the whole installed base: older cars lack the compute and retrofitting has never been offered at scale. Raise the growth rate if you think hardware upgrades become a product.
  • Margin is 88% because this is software delivered over an existing connection to hardware the customer already bought. Capex is nominal — the training compute is carried at the corporate level, not here.
  • The load-bearing assumption is regulatory, and it is not in any slider on this page: the ramp encodes approvals arriving steadily. A single jurisdiction blocking unsupervised indefinitely would break the ceiling, not the ramp.

Tesla Semi

Units × price
Basis quarter$90M
Final quarter$8.14B
Implied CAGR+146%
Share of revenue, final quarter7%
PV of segment cash flow$1.20B

Class 8 electric trucking out of the Nevada line. Higher ASP than cars and a real order book, but still a secondary volume story inside the horizon.

Last four quarters
2025 Q3 $9M Estimated
2025 Q4 $13M Estimated
2026 Q1 $18M Estimated
2026 Q2 $90M Estimated
Class 8 tractorFleet service contractsMegacharger corridor
Units 500/qtr growing +30.0% per quarter 500 units in the basis quarter — the Nevada line's first deliveries, not the pilot fleet that preceded it.
Price per unit $180000 drifting -0.8% per quarter $180k a unit. Higher than a car by a wide margin, which is why modest volume still shows up.
Tesla Semi

Latest: $8.14B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2025Q2 $6M
2025Q3 $9M
2025Q4 $13M
2026Q1 $18M
2026Q2 $90M
2026Q3E $125M
2026Q4E $173M
2027Q1E $240M
2027Q2E $332M
2027Q3E $461M
2027Q4E $639M
2028Q1E $886M
2028Q2E $1.23B
2028Q3E $1.70B
2028Q4E $2.36B
2029Q1E $3.27B
2029Q2E $4.54B
2029Q3E $5.19B
2029Q4E $5.53B
2030Q1E $5.90B
2030Q2E $6.29B
2030Q3E $6.71B
2030Q4E $7.16B
2031Q1E $7.63B
2031Q2E $8.14B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • Semi revenue is NOT disclosed by Tesla — this line is apportioned like every other, and the unit count is derived from it at a $180k average. Deliveries before 2026 were a pilot fleet in the tens per quarter (PepsiCo and similar), so 2025 here is deliberately near zero; the Nevada high-volume line is what starts the ramp.
  • Margin starts negative. A ramping line carries fixed cost against low volume, and Tesla has never claimed Semi is profitable at current output.
  • Volume compounds at 18% until it reaches the Nevada line's stated ~50k a year and then holds there. Left unbounded the same rate reached three times the line's design capacity over five years, which is not a view about demand — it is a modelling error. Raise the ceiling if you think a second line gets built.
  • Autonomy is not modelled here. Driver-out trucking would change the economics of this line more than any volume assumption, and it is not in the numbers.

Robotaxi / Cybercab

Capacity × utilisation × price
Basis quarter$14M
Final quarter$14.38B
Implied CAGR+300%
Share of revenue, final quarter12%
PV of segment cash flow$11.06B

Purpose-built autonomous vehicles on a Tesla-operated network. Revenue is fleet x utilisation x revenue per vehicle, so it is gated by how many cars are deployed and approved, not by demand.

Last four quarters
2025 Q3 $0 Estimated
2025 Q4 $4M Estimated
2026 Q1 $13M Estimated
2026 Q2 $14M Estimated
Cybercab fleetTesla-owned Model Y robotaxisNetwork take rate on owner-supplied cars
Capacity energised 1000 vehicles at the basis quarter 1,000 vehicles in commercial service — the fleet actually carrying passengers, not the metros it is live in.
Capacity added 600 vehicles/qtr changing +22.0% per quarter 600 vehicles a quarter once Cybercab deployment begins, compounding from there.
Utilisation 45% gliding toward 72% 45% of deployed vehicles earning at any time — early networks idle far more than mature ones.
Revenue per vehicles $30000/qtr drifting -1.2% per quarter $30k of revenue per deployed vehicle per quarter, roughly $330 a day at current utilisation.
Robotaxi / Cybercab

Latest: $14.38B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2025Q2 $0.00
2025Q3 $0.00
2025Q4 $4M
2026Q1 $13M
2026Q2 $14M
2026Q3E $15M
2026Q4E $28M
2027Q1E $47M
2027Q2E $75M
2027Q3E $113M
2027Q4E $168M
2028Q1E $242M
2028Q2E $345M
2028Q3E $486M
2028Q4E $677M
2029Q1E $935M
2029Q2E $1.29B
2029Q3E $1.76B
2029Q4E $2.39B
2030Q1E $3.24B
2030Q2E $4.38B
2030Q3E $5.92B
2030Q4E $7.97B
2031Q1E $10.71B
2031Q2E $14.38B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • Modelled on the same shape as a compute business — deployed units x utilisation x price — because the constraint is identical: revenue tracks what is switched on and approved, not what riders would pay for. The fleet is held flat at 1,000 vehicles through 2026 Q3 and only starts growing in Q4, when Cybercab deployment begins.
  • Capex starts at 120% of segment revenue. Every vehicle is bought before it earns anything, so this line consumes cash for years before it returns any, and its present value inside the horizon is deeply negative.
  • Utilisation matters more than fleet size. Doubling the fleet at 45% utilisation is worth less than holding the fleet and reaching 72%, which is why the target is the slider to argue about.
  • This line assumes approvals keep widening city by city. It carries no explicit regulatory reversal: a metro withdrawing permission would show up as a utilisation collapse, not as a smaller fleet.

Optimus

Units × price
Basis quarter$0
Final quarter$13.01B
Share of revenue, final quarter10%
PV of segment cash flow$78M

Humanoid robots, initially for internal use and training, later sold externally. The largest optionality in the model and the least evidenced — Fremont's first line is installing now.

Last four quarters
2025 Q3 $0 Estimated
2025 Q4 $0 Estimated
2026 Q1 $0 Estimated
2026 Q2 $0 Estimated
Internal deployment in Tesla factoriesExternal unit salesLong-term Giga Texas volume line
Units 500/qtr growing +35.0% per quarter 500 units in the opening quarter. Musk's own framing is that this will be extremely slow at first.
Price per unit $28000 drifting -2.0% per quarter $28k a unit, inside the $20-30k range Tesla has talked about at scale, held near the top early.
Optimus

Latest: $13.01B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2025Q2 $0.00
2025Q3 $0.00
2025Q4 $0.00
2026Q1 $0.00
2026Q2 $0.00
2026Q3E $0.00
2026Q4E $0.00
2027Q1E $0.00
2027Q2E $0.00
2027Q3E $33M
2027Q4E $50M
2028Q1E $74M
2028Q2E $110M
2028Q3E $164M
2028Q4E $244M
2029Q1E $363M
2029Q2E $540M
2029Q3E $804M
2029Q4E $1.20B
2030Q1E $1.78B
2030Q2E $2.65B
2030Q3E $3.94B
2030Q4E $5.87B
2031Q1E $8.74B
2031Q2E $13.01B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • Zero revenue for five quarters is a modelled fact, not a placeholder. The Fremont line is still being installed, and its first output goes to Tesla's own factories for training rather than to customers — so the first external dollar lands in 2027 Q3, not at first production.
  • Musk has called this the biggest product ever, possibly ten times the next biggest. This model does not encode that: at 35% a quarter from 500 units it stays a small share of revenue across the whole horizon. If you believe the claim, the growth rate here is where it goes, and it is the single largest lever on the page.
  • Margin starts at -40%. Everything about this line is new — no shared platform, no existing supply chain — which is exactly why Musk warned it scales unlike a car.
  • Treat the present value of this line as option value, not forecast. It is the assumption most likely to be wrong in either direction by an order of magnitude.

Energy Storage

Units × price
Basis quarter$2.82B
Final quarter$10.95B
Implied CAGR+31%
Share of revenue, final quarter9%
PV of segment cash flow$18.31B

Megapack and Powerwall. The other cash-generative business, sold by the gigawatt-hour, with a new Texas Megafactory adding 50 GWh a year of Megapack 3 capacity.

Last four quarters
2025 Q3 $3.11B Estimated
2025 Q4 $3.53B Estimated
2026 Q1 $2.09B Estimated
2026 Q2 $2.82B Estimated
MegapackPowerwallGrid services and VPPs
Units 14/qtr growing +6.0% per quarter 13.5 GWh deployed in 2026 Q2, up 41% year on year — as reported.
Price per unit $209M drifting -1.5% per quarter $209M per GWh ($209/kWh), the reported energy revenue less solar over GWh deployed.
Energy Storage

Latest: $10.95B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2025Q2 $2.49B
2025Q3 $3.11B
2025Q4 $3.53B
2026Q1 $2.09B
2026Q2 $2.82B
2026Q3E $3.02B
2026Q4E $3.23B
2027Q1E $3.46B
2027Q2E $3.70B
2027Q3E $3.96B
2027Q4E $4.24B
2028Q1E $4.53B
2028Q2E $4.85B
2028Q3E $5.19B
2028Q4E $5.56B
2029Q1E $5.95B
2029Q2E $6.37B
2029Q3E $6.81B
2029Q4E $7.29B
2030Q1E $7.80B
2030Q2E $8.35B
2030Q3E $8.94B
2030Q4E $9.56B
2031Q1E $10.24B
2031Q2E $10.95B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • Modelled per gigawatt-hour deployed rather than as a growth rate, because that is the unit Tesla reports and the unit the factories are sized in.
  • Deployments are capacity-constrained, not demand-constrained — the order book has run ahead of what the factories can ship for several years, which is why the growth rate is tied to capacity coming online.
  • Margin at 24% gliding to 30% assumes cell cost falls faster than ASP does. That gap is the entire margin story, and it has held so far but is not guaranteed.
  • This is the second-largest line and by far the least contested. If the model is wrong about Tesla, it is unlikely to be wrong here.

Solar

Growth path
Basis quarter$319M
Final quarter$1.45B
Implied CAGR+35%
Share of revenue, final quarter1%
PV of segment cash flow-$406M

Solar cells and roofs, much smaller than storage today. The $10B vertically integrated Texas cell plant targets commercial production in 2029 Q1, near the end of this horizon.

Last four quarters
2025 Q3 $305M Estimated
2025 Q4 $310M Estimated
2026 Q1 $315M Estimated
2026 Q2 $319M Estimated
Solar roof and retrofitCells from the Texas plant (2029+)Solar attached to storage
Sequential growth +3.0%/qtr decaying toward +5.5% 3% a quarter today. This line has been roughly flat for years and is modelled as such.
Solar

Latest: $1.45B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2025Q2 $300M
2025Q3 $305M
2025Q4 $310M
2026Q1 $315M
2026Q2 $319M
2026Q3E $337M
2026Q4E $357M
2027Q1E $380M
2027Q2E $405M
2027Q3E $433M
2027Q4E $465M
2028Q1E $500M
2028Q2E $538M
2028Q3E $581M
2028Q4E $628M
2029Q1E $679M
2029Q2E $736M
2029Q3E $799M
2029Q4E $868M
2030Q1E $944M
2030Q2E $1.03B
2030Q3E $1.12B
2030Q4E $1.22B
2031Q1E $1.33B
2031Q2E $1.45B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • This is the one vertical carried on a plain growth path, because there is no disclosed operating driver worth modelling: Tesla stopped reporting solar deployments in a useful unit years ago.
  • The Texas cell plant is the story here and it lands at the very end of the horizon — construction runs 2026 to 2028 with production targeted 2029 Q1. Its revenue contribution is barely inside the window, but its capex is not, which is why capex intensity starts at 45%.
  • Terminal growth is set ABOVE current growth rather than below it, the opposite of every other line. That encodes the plant coming online and is a deliberate claim, not an oversight.
  • At roughly 1.5% of revenue this line cannot move the valuation. It is carried for completeness and because the capex is real.

Services & Other

Growth path
Basis quarter$4.58B
Final quarter$15.66B
Implied CAGR+28%
Share of revenue, final quarter13%
PV of segment cash flow$19.80B

Supercharging, used vehicles, insurance, parts and merchandise. Not one of the strategic verticals, but real revenue that the other seven do not account for.

Last four quarters
2025 Q3 $3.48B Reported
2025 Q4 $3.37B Reported
2026 Q1 $3.75B Reported
2026 Q2 $4.58B Reported
Supercharging networkUsed vehicle salesInsuranceParts and service
Sequential growth +3.5%/qtr decaying toward +2.5% 3.5% a quarter, tracking the growing fleet that generates the service, charging and used-car volume.
Services & Other

Latest: $15.66B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2025Q2 $3.05B
2025Q3 $3.48B
2025Q4 $3.37B
2026Q1 $3.75B
2026Q2 $4.58B
2026Q3E $4.86B
2026Q4E $5.16B
2027Q1E $5.48B
2027Q2E $5.82B
2027Q3E $6.18B
2027Q4E $6.56B
2028Q1E $6.98B
2028Q2E $7.42B
2028Q3E $7.89B
2028Q4E $8.39B
2029Q1E $8.92B
2029Q2E $9.50B
2029Q3E $10.10B
2029Q4E $10.75B
2030Q1E $11.45B
2030Q2E $12.18B
2030Q3E $12.97B
2030Q4E $13.81B
2031Q1E $14.71B
2031Q2E $15.66B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • This vertical is not in the strategic list — it is here because without it the other seven do not sum to Tesla's reported revenue, and a model whose segments do not reconcile to the consolidated total is not checkable.
  • It scales with the installed fleet rather than with sales, so it is the most predictable line in the model and the least interesting.
  • Margin is thin by design: charging and service are run near cost to support the vehicle business, and used-vehicle margin moves with residual values.
Scenarios

Where each case comes from

Elon case — primary sources

The primary sources this case is built from — filings, calls and posts. Where they are claims by an interested party rather than disclosures, every number in the Elon column is what happens if they are taken at face value.

Valuation

From cash flow to fair value

Present value of free cash flow, 20 quarters$119.44B
Terminal-year revenue$420.74B
Terminal-year EBITDA$159.84B
Exit multiple, on revenue12.0x
Terminal value$5.05T
Discounted at 9.0% a year, terminal value becomes$3.28T
Enterprise value$3.40T
Net cash$30.00B
Equity value$3.43T
Diluted shares3.53B
Fair value per share$972.46
Against the current price of $345.13+182%

8x is a premium and is meant to be one. A sum of the parts, weighting each vertical by its terminal mix at sector multiples (autos 1.5x, storage 3x, FSD 15x, Robotaxi 8x), gives about 4x, because two thirds of terminal revenue is still hardware. 8x is held at double that because the terminal year is not a hardware business winding down — it is still compounding 11-13% a year at a 22% EBITDA margin, which is what separates it from a mature manufacturer and what the parts-based blend cannot see. The cost of that view is explicit: 8x revenue on a 22% margin is about 37x terminal EBITDA, the richest multiple of any model on this site, and it is a bet on the mix continuing to shift toward software and autonomy. For reference the current share price implies about 12x and Tesla trades near 14x trailing revenue today, so the premium here is still well short of what the market is paying. The multiple is a per-case input: Bear holds 4x, the parts-based number, and Bull 14x. Move the slider: at 4x the fair value is about $142 and at 12x about $402, so this one input swings the answer more than every operating assumption on this page combined.

Read the other way round: at $345.13 the market is paying 3.9x terminal-year revenue, holding every other assumption on this page fixed. That is the number to argue about.

Capital programmes

Capex outside the verticals

Each vertical's capex is a share of its own revenue, which is the right shape for capacity that scales with sales. These are not that: fixed-size programmes with their own schedule that spend whether or not any segment grows. They are added on top, and they are why free cash flow dips in the years below.

Terafab pilot fab (Giga Texas)

2026 Q3 → 2027 Q4
Programme total$3.00B
Cash out$500M/qtr

Tesla's own research and pilot line, roughly $3B, running ahead of the joint facility. Small next to Tesla's ~$25B a year core capex, but it is additive to it.

Terafab phase 1 (Tesla share)

2028 Q1 → 2030 Q4
Programme total$16.80B
This company funds40% share ($6.72B)
Cash out$560M/qtr

The joint Tesla/SpaceX advanced fab, $16.8B announced for phase 1. The funding split has not been disclosed; 40% is assumed here for Tesla, which leads the research side while SpaceX leads volume manufacturing. Heavy spend lands 2028 through the early 2030s.

Quarter by quarter

The projected path

Quarter AutomotiveFSD / AutonomyTesla SemiRobotaxi / CybercabOptimusEnergy StorageSolarServices & Other Revenue YoY EBITDA Capex FCF R40 PV of FCF
2026 Q3E $20.47B$836M$125M$15M$0$3.02B$337M$4.86B $29.66B +6% $5.69B $5.87B -$174M +5 -$171M
2026 Q4E $21.14B$1.11B$173M$28M$0$3.23B$357M$5.16B $31.20B +25% $6.28B $5.87B $335M +26 $321M
2027 Q1E $21.84B$1.41B$240M$47M$0$3.46B$380M$5.48B $32.86B +47% $6.92B $5.90B $837M +49 $784M
2027 Q2E $22.57B$1.76B$332M$75M$0$3.70B$405M$5.82B $34.66B +23% $7.61B $5.94B $1.37B +27 $1.25B
2027 Q3E $23.31B$2.17B$461M$113M$33M$3.96B$433M$6.18B $36.66B +24% $8.38B $6.05B $1.91B +29 $1.71B
2027 Q4E $24.09B$2.62B$639M$168M$50M$4.24B$465M$6.56B $38.83B +24% $9.22B $6.16B $2.51B +31 $2.21B
2028 Q1E $24.88B$3.15B$886M$242M$74M$4.53B$500M$6.98B $41.24B +26% $10.17B $6.37B $3.11B +33 $2.68B
2028 Q2E $25.71B$3.74B$1.23B$345M$110M$4.85B$538M$7.42B $43.94B +27% $11.23B $6.57B $3.82B +35 $3.22B
2028 Q3E $26.56B$4.42B$1.70B$486M$164M$5.19B$581M$7.89B $46.99B +28% $12.43B $6.82B $4.60B +38 $3.79B
2028 Q4E $27.44B$5.20B$2.36B$677M$244M$5.56B$628M$8.39B $50.49B +30% $13.81B $7.14B $5.47B +41 $4.41B
2029 Q1E $28.34B$6.08B$3.27B$935M$363M$5.95B$679M$8.92B $54.55B +32% $15.39B $7.55B $6.43B +44 $5.08B
2029 Q2E $29.28B$7.10B$4.54B$1.29B$540M$6.37B$736M$9.50B $59.34B +35% $17.25B $8.07B $7.52B +48 $5.81B
2029 Q3E $30.25B$8.25B$5.19B$1.76B$804M$6.81B$799M$10.10B $63.97B +36% $19.30B $8.58B $8.80B +50 $6.65B
2029 Q4E $31.25B$9.57B$5.53B$2.39B$1.20B$7.29B$868M$10.75B $68.85B +36% $21.65B $9.14B $10.26B +51 $7.59B
2030 Q1E $32.29B$11.07B$5.90B$3.24B$1.78B$7.80B$944M$11.45B $74.48B +37% $24.40B $9.86B $11.92B +53 $8.63B
2030 Q2E $33.35B$12.79B$6.29B$4.38B$2.65B$8.35B$1.03B$12.18B $81.04B +37% $27.66B $10.78B $13.85B +54 $9.81B
2030 Q3E $34.46B$14.75B$6.71B$5.92B$3.94B$8.94B$1.12B$12.97B $88.81B +39% $31.59B $11.96B $16.09B +57 $11.16B
2030 Q4E $35.60B$16.99B$7.16B$7.97B$5.87B$9.56B$1.22B$13.81B $98.18B +43% $36.36B $13.52B $18.73B +62 $12.71B
2031 Q1E $36.78B$19.55B$7.63B$10.71B$8.74B$10.24B$1.33B$14.71B $109.68B +47% $42.26B $15.02B $22.34B +68 $14.83B
2031 Q2E $37.99B$22.47B$8.14B$14.38B$13.01B$10.95B$1.45B$15.66B $124.06B +53% $49.64B $17.78B $26.13B +74 $16.98B

Every row is projected. A year-over-year change is shown only where the quarter it compares against exists — an em dash means there is no comparable quarter, not a flat year.

Track record

Model revisions

Assumptions are marked to reality as each quarter prints. Every change is appended here, with the fair value the model produced at the time, so the model's own history stays visible.

DateChangedFair value thenNote
2026-08-16 actuals, basis, drivers, capex $272.39 Rebased on the reported 2026 Q2 print: $28,236M revenue, $20,516M automotive, $3,139M energy, $4,581M services, 480,126 deliveries, 13.5 GWh deployed, capex $5,789M and free cash flow -$1,092M. Segment parents are now reported rather than apportioned; automotive ASP corrected from $34.0k to $41.3k and storage from $293 to $209 per kWh.
2026-08-16 all $240.25 Initial model, built off the 2026 Q1 print of $22.387B. Eight verticals apportioned from the three reported segments; Robotaxi holds its 1,000-car fleet flat until Cybercab deployment in 2026 Q4, Semi ramps from the Nevada line in 2026 after a pilot-scale 2025, and Optimus opens in 2027 Q3.