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GE · Forward model · Bear case

The Bear case, 20 quarters out

Model as of

Each segment is projected from its own operating driver, rolled up into consolidated cash flow, and discounted back to a fair value per share. The assumptions below are editable — change them and every number on this page moves with them.

BASIS. This is the hardest thing about GE. General Electric Company spun off GE HealthCare on 3 January 2023 and GE Vernova on 2 April 2024, and current filings present both as discontinued operations. That means two different revenue histories exist for the same quarters: as originally reported, and as recast. Everything here - revenue, EPS, cash flow, margins, and the series on the stock page this model sits behind - is CONTINUING OPERATIONS, GE Aerospace standalone, as recast in the most recent filings. On that basis 2026 Q2 revenue was $13,349m and continuing-operations diluted EPS $2.30. Mixing an as-originally-reported quarter into this series would not look like a rounding error; it would look like a company that shrank by two thirds. FREE CASH FLOW. GE publishes its own non-GAAP free cash flow, $3,027m in the basis quarter, which adds back PP&E disposals, separation cash expenditures and Corporate & Other restructuring cash expenditures. The stock page does not use it. The repository standard is operating cash flow less gross additions to property, plant and equipment: $3,258m less $335m, or $2,923m - $104m (3.4%) below GE's figure, and roughly $0.3-$0.4bn below it on the guided full year. Separately, the FCF line inside THIS model is the projection engine's own construction, EBITDA less capex less tax, so it carries no working capital and no cash interest and should not be read against either of the other two. SEGMENT HISTORY. Two quarters, and that is a disclosure limit rather than a shortcut. Effective 2026 GE moved its Aeroderivative business from CES to DPT and recast only the quarters it has since restated - 2025 Q1, 2025 Q2, 2026 Q1 and 2026 Q2. The recast is material: 2025 Q2 CES went from $7,990m as printed to $7,646m, and DPT from $2,563m to $2,978m. No recast for 2025 Q3 or 2025 Q4 exists in any filing, 8-K or investor document, and the engine requires contiguous history, so the series starts where the current definition starts. It will extend itself as the 2026 Q3 and Q4 filings restate those quarters. The only estimated point in the model is Eliminations & Other for 2026 Q1: GE prints $(519)m, which makes its own segment subtotal foot to $11,615m against the $11,614m it prints elsewhere, so the model uses $(520)m - the exact residual of the disclosed $12,392m GAAP total less the three other disclosed lines. SEASONALITY. None applied, and that is a finding. A centred four-quarter moving average over the fourteen-quarter continuing-operations revenue series does produce a seasonal-looking shape (factors 0.95 / 0.97 / 1.03 / 1.04, signal 0.094 against a worst window spread of 0.037). But a log-linear detrend of the same series - which removes the 3.75%-a-quarter exponential trend exactly rather than locally - gives signal 0.087 against a worst within-quarter spread of 0.108, which is no seasonality at all. The two disagree because the line has accelerated for four straight years, and an accelerating line looks back-half weighted to any moving average. Both external anchors settle it: GE's raised guide implies second-half adjusted revenue only about 7% above the first half, and Street consensus for 2026 Q3 adjusted revenue of $12.29bn is BELOW the $12.63bn just reported. Neither is consistent with a 5% third- and fourth-quarter lift, so the deceleration is carried by the growth rate, where the evidence is. WHAT IS DISCLOSED AND WHAT IS NOT. Every revenue actual is disclosed. Segment EBITDA margins are derived: GE's own guided full-year 2026 segment operating margins plus a depreciation and amortisation allowance taken from the disclosed $625m of first-half company D&A. The Insurance margin (23.9%) and the Eliminations margin (33.0%) are disclosed ratios - $171m over $715m and $(178)m over $(540)m - not judgements. Corporate overhead of 1.1% of revenue is derived so the model reproduces GE's guided $(1.2)-$(1.3)bn Corporate Cost & Eliminations after the eliminations vertical carries its half. The 15% tax rate is rounded up from a 13.2% first-half actual. Long-run growth rates, terminal margins, the 8.5% discount rate and the 20x exit multiple are assumptions. WHERE THE MODEL DISAGREES WITH THE STREET. The base case projects 2026 Q3 GAAP revenue of $13,550m, which is $12,867m of adjusted revenue - about 4.7% above the $12.29bn consensus for that quarter, and 11.2% above the year-ago quarter. The model sides with GE's disclosed order book and supplier input rather than with a consensus that was 8.6% too low on the quarter just reported. TERMINAL CONCENTRATION. 83.0% of base-case enterprise value sits in the terminal value, so the exit multiple deserves more scrutiny than any operating assumption: each 1x is $10.74 a share, and 28.0x is what would justify today's price on the base path.

The supply chain relapses or air traffic turns, and the mix problem the basis quarter already showed gets worse. Growth is being bought with dilutive install engines including GE9X: CES operating margin fell 160 basis points year on year even in a 27% growth quarter. Take a point a quarter off growth, two points off margin, and let a cyclical franchise held at 29x EBITDA normalise to 16x, and fair value is $157.93 - 53.0% below the traded price. This is not a demand collapse; it is the aftermarket ramp arriving slower and at lower margin than the guided year implies.

GE REVENUE MODEL

Latest: $14.17B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2026Q1 $12.39B
2026Q2 $13.35B
2026Q3E $13.41B
2026Q4E $13.48B
2027Q1E $13.53B
2027Q2E $13.59B
2027Q3E $13.64B
2027Q4E $13.68B
2028Q1E $13.73B
2028Q2E $13.77B
2028Q3E $13.81B
2028Q4E $13.85B
2029Q1E $13.89B
2029Q2E $13.92B
2029Q3E $13.96B
2029Q4E $13.99B
2030Q1E $14.02B
2030Q2E $14.05B
2030Q3E $14.08B
2030Q4E $14.11B
2031Q1E $14.14B
2031Q2E $14.17B

What drives each segment

Commercial Engines & Services

Growth path
Basis quarter$9.73B
Final quarter$10.95B
Implied CAGR+2%
Share of revenue, final quarter77%
PV of segment cash flow$42.47B

Engines are sold thin and maintained fat. CES puts LEAP, GEnx, GE9X and CF6 engines on aircraft and then earns decades of shop visits and spare parts on an installed base of roughly 50,000 commercial engines. Services were $7,434m of the $9,731m segment total in the basis quarter and grew 26%, while equipment grew 30% on much lower margin - so the segment's margin moves with the equipment-to-services mix, not with demand.

Last four quarters
2026 Q1 $8.92B Reported
2026 Q2 $9.73B Reported
Internal shop visit revenueSpare partsLong-term service agreementsNew and spare engine deliveries (LEAP, GEnx, GE9X, CF6)
Sequential growth +2.0%/qtr decaying toward +1.3% Solves GE's guided 2026 CES revenue of ~+20% and the high-teens adjusted revenue guide.
Commercial Engines & Services

Latest: $10.95B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2026Q1 $8.92B
2026Q2 $9.73B
2026Q3E $9.83B
2026Q4E $9.92B
2027Q1E $10.00B
2027Q2E $10.08B
2027Q3E $10.15B
2027Q4E $10.22B
2028Q1E $10.29B
2028Q2E $10.36B
2028Q3E $10.42B
2028Q4E $10.47B
2029Q1E $10.53B
2029Q2E $10.58B
2029Q3E $10.63B
2029Q4E $10.68B
2030Q1E $10.73B
2030Q2E $10.78B
2030Q3E $10.82B
2030Q4E $10.86B
2031Q1E $10.91B
2031Q2E $10.95B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • EBITDA margin is GE's own guided full-year 2026 CES operating margin of about 26.6% ($10.30bn midpoint on model revenue of $38.7bn; first-half actual 26.9%) plus about 2.6% of revenue for depreciation and amortisation, derived from first-half company D&A of $625m ($452m of PP&E depreciation plus $173m of intangible amortisation). It is deliberately NOT the single 27.3% second-quarter print, which was above the guided year.
  • History is two quarters, and that is a disclosure limit rather than a shortcut. Effective 2026 GE moved its Aeroderivative business from CES to DPT and recast only the quarters it has since restated: the 2025 Q2 release printed CES at $7,990m, the 2026 Q2 release prints the same quarter at $7,646m. Recast 2025 Q3 and 2025 Q4 do not exist in any filing, so the series starts where the current definition starts.
  • Margin fell 160 basis points year on year even in a 27% growth quarter, because install engine growth including GE9X is dilutive. A good quarter for volume is a bad quarter for mix, which is why the terminal margin only recovers to 30.8%.

Defense & Propulsion Technologies

Growth path
Basis quarter$3.44B
Final quarter$3.54B
Implied CAGR+1%
Share of revenue, final quarter25%
PV of segment cash flow$5.72B

Military propulsion and Avio Aero: F110, F404, F414, T700 and T901 engines, next-generation adaptive-cycle programmes such as the XA102 and GE426, and the Aeroderivative business moved in from CES for 2026. Contract-priced and budget-paced rather than fleet-paced, it runs at roughly half the CES operating margin and grew 16% in the basis quarter against CES's 27%.

Last four quarters
2026 Q1 $3.21B Reported
2026 Q2 $3.44B Reported
Defense & Systems equipment and servicesPropulsion & Additive Technologies (including Avio Aero)Aeroderivative (moved from CES effective 2026)
Sequential growth +1.4%/qtr decaying toward +1.0% Lands 2026 DPT revenue where GE's low-double-digit growth guide puts it.
Defense & Propulsion Technologies

Latest: $3.54B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2026Q1 $3.21B
2026Q2 $3.44B
2026Q3E $3.46B
2026Q4E $3.47B
2027Q1E $3.48B
2027Q2E $3.49B
2027Q3E $3.50B
2027Q4E $3.50B
2028Q1E $3.51B
2028Q2E $3.51B
2028Q3E $3.52B
2028Q4E $3.52B
2029Q1E $3.53B
2029Q2E $3.53B
2029Q3E $3.53B
2029Q4E $3.53B
2030Q1E $3.54B
2030Q2E $3.54B
2030Q3E $3.54B
2030Q4E $3.54B
2031Q1E $3.54B
2031Q2E $3.54B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • EBITDA margin is GE's guided full-year 2026 DPT operating profit of $1.65bn midpoint on model revenue of $13.7bn - about 12.1%, against a first-half actual of 12.8% - plus about 1.5% of revenue for depreciation and amortisation. The guided year is below the 13.8% second-quarter print because the fourth quarter has been the weak one: DPT margin was 8.9% in 2025 Q4 against 13.6% in 2025 Q3.
  • Propulsion & Additive Technologies revenue rose 23% in the basis quarter on Avio Aero while Defense & Systems rose 12%, so the growth is in the smaller half of the segment and it is the half GE has just enlarged.
  • Same two-quarter history limit as CES and for the same reason: the Aeroderivative transfer redefined this segment for 2026 and GE has never recast 2025 Q3 or Q4. The recast lifted 2025 Q2 DPT from $2,563m to $2,978m, a 16% difference, so splicing the old series in would be a basis error.

Insurance (run-off)

Growth path
Basis quarter$715M
Final quarter$272M
Implied CAGR-18%
Share of revenue, final quarter2%
PV of segment cash flow$1.61B

A closed long-term care and structured settlement reinsurance book GE has written no new business in for decades and excludes from its own adjusted revenue. It is not an operating business; it is a liability that still passes revenue and a little profit through the income statement while it shrinks. It has to be modelled because GAAP total revenue - the basis of every series on this site - includes it.

Last four quarters
2026 Q1 $778M Reported
2026 Q2 $715M Reported
Run-off long-term care and structured settlement reinsurance premiums and investment income
Sequential growth -4.5%/qtr decaying toward -3.0% Run-off: $715m against $872m a year earlier, an 18% annual decline, is -4.8% a quarter.
Insurance (run-off)

Latest: $272M (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2026Q1 $778M
2026Q2 $715M
2026Q3E $676M
2026Q4E $640M
2027Q1E $606M
2027Q2E $575M
2027Q3E $546M
2027Q4E $519M
2028Q1E $494M
2028Q2E $470M
2028Q3E $448M
2028Q4E $427M
2029Q1E $407M
2029Q2E $389M
2029Q3E $371M
2029Q4E $355M
2030Q1E $339M
2030Q2E $324M
2030Q3E $310M
2030Q4E $297M
2031Q1E $284M
2031Q2E $272M

Assumptions & reasoning

  • The 23.9% EBITDA margin is not an estimate: it is the disclosed Insurance profit of $171m over the disclosed Insurance revenue of $715m in the basis quarter. It is held flat because a closed book's margin is set by reserve development, not by operations, and GE gives no forward view of it.
  • Capex is exactly zero. A run-off insurance book buys no property, plant or equipment, and GE excludes this line from operating profit altogether - which is why the model's operating-profit cross-check against guidance strips it out again.
  • This line is shrinking about 18% a year and quietly subtracts roughly half a point from consolidated revenue growth every year, which is precisely why GE reports adjusted revenue without it and why consensus comparisons must strip it out too.

Eliminations & Other

Growth path
Basis quarter-$540M
Final quarter-$591M
Share of revenue, final quarter-4%
PV of segment cash flow-$2.87B

The negative reconciling line between segment revenue and consolidated revenue: intersegment sales, principally engines and parts moving between CES and DPT, plus items GE does not attribute to a segment. It exists so the four verticals sum exactly to GAAP total revenue, and it scales with intersegment volume, so it deepens as the segments grow.

Last four quarters
2026 Q1 -$520M Estimated
2026 Q2 -$540M Reported
Intersegment revenue eliminationsOther non-segment items
Sequential growth +1.8%/qtr decaying toward +1.2% Tracks segment volume; eliminations deepened 14% year on year in the basis quarter.
Eliminations & Other

Latest: -$591M (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2026Q1 -$520M
2026Q2 -$540M
2026Q3E -$544M
2026Q4E -$548M
2027Q1E -$552M
2027Q2E -$555M
2027Q3E -$558M
2027Q4E -$561M
2028Q1E -$564M
2028Q2E -$567M
2028Q3E -$569M
2028Q4E -$572M
2029Q1E -$574M
2029Q2E -$576M
2029Q3E -$578M
2029Q4E -$580M
2030Q1E -$582M
2030Q2E -$584M
2030Q3E -$586M
2030Q4E -$587M
2031Q1E -$589M
2031Q2E -$591M

Assumptions & reasoning

  • The 33.0% EBITDA margin is the disclosed ratio of eliminations profit to eliminations revenue: $(178)m over $(540)m in the basis quarter. Both are negative, so the product is a negative EBITDA of $(178)m - exactly the eliminations cost GE reports. It is not an operating margin and should not be read as one.
  • 2026 Q1 is the only estimated point in this model. GE prints Eliminations & Other of $(519)m for that quarter, which makes its own segment subtotal foot to $11,615m against the $11,614m adjusted revenue it prints one page later. The model uses $(520)m, the residual of the disclosed $12,392m GAAP total less CES $8,920m, DPT $3,214m and Insurance $778m, so the four lines reconcile exactly. The $1m difference is rounding in GE's table.
  • Capex is exactly zero, because a reconciliation buys nothing. Everything the company spends sits in the CES and DPT capex intensities.
Scenarios

Where each case comes from

Valuation

From cash flow to fair value

Present value of free cash flow, 20 quarters$37.79B
Terminal-year revenue$56.51B
Terminal-year EBITDA$12.91B
Exit multiple, on ebitda16.0x
Terminal value$206.57B
Discounted at 8.5% a year, terminal value becomes$137.38B
Enterprise value$175.17B
Net cash-$9.81B
Equity value$165.36B
Shares1.05B
Fair value per share$157.93
Against the deployed price of $335.71, as of -53%

An exit EV/EBITDA multiple on the last four projected quarters, discounted at 8.5%. The multiple is the single most sensitive input here: 83.0% of base-case enterprise value sits in the terminal value, and every 1x of exit multiple is worth $10.74 a share. The base case exits at 20x - the middle of the large-cap aerospace band, where RTX trades near 15x, Safran near 18x, TransDigm near 22x and Heico near 30x. That is a deliberate de-rating from the tape: at $335.71 GE's market capitalisation is $348.3bn and its enterprise value about $358bn, roughly 29x model 2026 EBITDA, and running the base case backwards the exit multiple that would justify today's price is 28.0x. The bear case exits at 16x, the bull at 25x and the Culp case at 27x. The revenue path is not where the argument is - it reproduces GE's own guided year to within 0.15% of the top of the operating-profit range - the argument is entirely about what an aftermarket annuity is worth five years out.

Read the other way round: at $335.71 the market is paying 37.7x terminal-year revenue, holding every other assumption on this page fixed. That is the number to argue about.

Quarter by quarter

The projected path

Quarter Commercial Engines & ServicesDefense & Propulsion TechnologiesInsurance (run-off)Eliminations & Other Revenue YoY EBITDA Capex FCF R40 PV of FCF
2026 Q3E $9.83B$3.46B$676M-$544M $13.41B $2.87B $341M $2.15B $2.11B
2026 Q4E $9.92B$3.47B$640M-$548M $13.48B $2.90B $340M $2.18B $2.09B
2027 Q1E $10.00B$3.48B$606M-$552M $13.53B +9% $2.93B $340M $2.20B +25 $2.07B
2027 Q2E $10.08B$3.49B$575M-$555M $13.59B +2% $2.96B $339M $2.22B +18 $2.05B
2027 Q3E $10.15B$3.50B$546M-$558M $13.64B +2% $2.98B $339M $2.25B +18 $2.03B
2027 Q4E $10.22B$3.50B$519M-$561M $13.68B +2% $3.00B $338M $2.27B +18 $2.01B
2028 Q1E $10.29B$3.51B$494M-$564M $13.73B +1% $3.03B $338M $2.29B +18 $1.98B
2028 Q2E $10.36B$3.51B$470M-$567M $13.77B +1% $3.05B $337M $2.31B +18 $1.96B
2028 Q3E $10.42B$3.52B$448M-$569M $13.81B +1% $3.07B $337M $2.32B +18 $1.93B
2028 Q4E $10.47B$3.52B$427M-$572M $13.85B +1% $3.09B $336M $2.34B +18 $1.91B
2029 Q1E $10.53B$3.53B$407M-$574M $13.89B +1% $3.11B $336M $2.36B +18 $1.88B
2029 Q2E $10.58B$3.53B$389M-$576M $13.92B +1% $3.13B $335M $2.37B +18 $1.86B
2029 Q3E $10.63B$3.53B$371M-$578M $13.96B +1% $3.14B $335M $2.39B +18 $1.83B
2029 Q4E $10.68B$3.53B$355M-$580M $13.99B +1% $3.16B $335M $2.40B +18 $1.81B
2030 Q1E $10.73B$3.54B$339M-$582M $14.02B +1% $3.18B $334M $2.42B +18 $1.78B
2030 Q2E $10.78B$3.54B$324M-$584M $14.05B +1% $3.19B $334M $2.43B +18 $1.75B
2030 Q3E $10.82B$3.54B$310M-$586M $14.08B +1% $3.21B $334M $2.44B +18 $1.73B
2030 Q4E $10.86B$3.54B$297M-$587M $14.11B +1% $3.22B $334M $2.45B +18 $1.70B
2031 Q1E $10.91B$3.54B$284M-$589M $14.14B +1% $3.23B $334M $2.47B +18 $1.67B
2031 Q2E $10.95B$3.54B$272M-$591M $14.17B +1% $3.25B $334M $2.48B +18 $1.65B

Every row is projected. A year-over-year change is shown only where the quarter it compares against exists — an em dash means there is no comparable quarter, not a flat year.

Track record

Model revisions

Assumptions are marked to reality as each quarter prints. Every change is appended here, with the fair value the model produced at the time, so the model's own history stays visible.

DateFair value thenNote
2026-09-01 $249.51 Initial model, built on continuing operations as recast after the GE HealthCare and GE Vernova separations. Four verticals - CES, DPT, run-off Insurance and Eliminations & Other - which are GE's own reporting lines and foot exactly to GAAP total revenue in the basis quarter. History is two quarters because GE moved its Aeroderivative business from CES to DPT effective 2026 and has never recast 2025 Q3 or Q4. Base case reproduces the guided year: 2026 adjusted revenue $50,211m against a high-teens guide, and total operating profit $10,734m against a guided $10.55-$10.75bn.