← SK hynix Inc.

SKHY · Forward model

Revenue by vertical, 20 quarters out

Each segment is projected from its own operating driver, rolled up into consolidated cash flow, and discounted back to a fair value per share. The assumptions below are editable — change them and every number on this page moves with them.

Quarters are calendar quarters, the way SK hynix reports them: 2026 Q2 is the three months ended 30 June 2026, reported 29 July 2026. SK hynix reports ONE segment - 'as revenue from the semiconductor segment exceeds 90% of the Company's total revenue, its business is presented as a single semiconductor segment' - but every quarterly, half-year and annual filing carries a revenue-by-product note splitting revenue into DRAM, NAND Flash and Others. Those three lines are this model, and nothing finer. HBM is 56.4% of a market SK hynix leads and it appears in no revenue table in any filing, so there is no HBM vertical here; inventing one would be manufacturing the most important number on the page. Fourteen quarters of history, 2023 Q1 to 2026 Q2, sum to reported consolidated revenue in every quarter, and to $52.06bn (W79,318,746m) in the basis quarter. Eleven of the fourteen are read from a disclosed three-month column; the three December quarters are derived as full year minus nine months and are the only points marked estimated - each still ties to the quarterly release total (W11.31tn for 4Q23, W19.77tn for 4Q24, W32.83tn for 4Q25). Currency: the company files in won and this model runs in USD at a FIXED W1,523.5, the rate the stored series was built on, so quarters stay constant-currency. The market price it is measured against embeds a spot rate near W1,382, about 10% stronger, and the ADS at $158.02 sits about 26.5% above the Seoul common line translated at that spot - both gaps are real and neither is modelled away. Volume is an INDEX, not a bit count: SK hynix discloses only quarter-on-quarter percentage changes in shipments, never absolute bits, so units are set to 100 at 2026 Q2 and the price per index point is that quarter's revenue divided by 100. Read the unit traces as relative volume and relative ASP. No product-level margin, capex or capacity is disclosed anywhere, so the 81.4% basis EBITDA margin is the consolidated figure (operating profit W60,542,608m plus D&A W4,028,246m over revenue) applied to both memory lines, and the terminal margins - 45% for DRAM, 30% for NAND, 15% for Others - are assumptions about a mid-cycle, not disclosures. Because that margin is already after SG&A, corporate overhead is set to zero rather than charged twice. Capital spending is split: 9.5% of revenue at the basis quarter gliding to 15% carries the maintenance and technology-migration spend inside the verticals, and the two fab programmes approved on 7 August 2026 - Yongin Y2 at W35,224.6bn to October 2031 and Cheongju M17 at W19,100bn to April 2031 - are carried separately at their filed totals and schedules, because a committed fab spends on its own calendar whether or not revenue grows. Together they put FY2026 capex at about W46 trillion against guidance of the high W40 trillion range. P&T7's W7,093.1bn is an increase to an already-approved packaging plant with no disclosed schedule, so it sits inside the revenue-scaled line rather than as a third programme. Share count and net cash are both pro-forma for the same November 2026 state, so the buyback is not counted twice: 7,047,966,690 ADS-equivalent shares (728,866,669 common less the 24,070,000 approved for cancellation, times ten ADSs per share) and $45.3bn of net cash (W69.4tn at 30 June, plus the W39.9tn of July ADS proceeds, less the W40.0tn buyback and the W0.27tn Q2 dividend). Both assume the programme completes in full by 19 November 2026. Net profit is NOT in this model at all: the W93.9tn reported for the quarter exceeds revenue because W65.9tn of it is finance income, largely a derivative revaluation on the 2023 exchangeable bonds. Seasonality: DRAM and NAND are modelled aseasonal on purpose. A ratio-to-centred-moving-average run over all fourteen quarters gives DRAM factors of [0.927, 1.051, 1.014, 1.008] with window-to-window spreads of 0.051, 0.059, 0.191 and 0.252 - the spread exceeds the signal by two to five times, and the apparent Q4 strength is trend, because every year in the sample was an up-year. Only Others carries a shape bigger than its noise, and it is half a percent of revenue.

SKHY REVENUE MODEL

Latest: $112.88B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2023Q1 $3.34B
2023Q2 $4.80B
2023Q3 $5.95B
2023Q4 $7.42B
2024Q1 $8.16B
2024Q2 $10.78B
2024Q3 $11.53B
2024Q4 $12.97B
2025Q1 $11.58B
2025Q2 $14.59B
2025Q3 $16.05B
2025Q4 $21.55B
2026Q1 $34.51B
2026Q2 $52.06B
2026Q3E $64.64B
2026Q4E $75.84B
2027Q1E $85.18B
2027Q2E $92.82B
2027Q3E $98.82B
2027Q4E $103.46B
2028Q1E $106.86B
2028Q2E $109.41B
2028Q3E $111.24B
2028Q4E $112.54B
2029Q1E $113.31B
2029Q2E $113.85B
2029Q3E $114.13B
2029Q4E $114.26B
2030Q1E $114.16B
2030Q2E $114.03B
2030Q3E $113.82B
2030Q4E $113.58B
2031Q1E $113.21B
2031Q2E $112.88B

What drives each segment

DRAM (including HBM)

Units × price
Basis quarter$37.40B
Final quarter$88.22B
Implied CAGR+19%
Share of revenue, final quarter78%
PV of segment cash flow$553.84B

Volatile memory sold by the bit at a cycle price. 71.8% of 2026 Q2 revenue and effectively the entire profit pool. HBM is the mix within it that carries the price - SK hynix held a 56.4% revenue share of the HBM market in 2026 Q1 per IDC - but HBM revenue is not separately disclosed in any filing, so DRAM is the finest honest cut. Revenue is bits shipped times average selling price; bits are capped by installed wafer capacity running at 100% utilisation, and no new cleanroom opens before Yongin Y1 in February 2027.

Last four quarters
2025 Q3 $12.53B Reported
2025 Q4 $16.19B Estimated
2026 Q1 $26.69B Reported
2026 Q2 $37.40B Reported
HBM3E and HBM4 for AI acceleratorsServer DRAM for AI and general-purpose serversSOCAMM2 and LPDDR modulesMobile, graphics and consumer DRAM
Units 100/qtr growing +10.0% per quarter Index, 2026 Q2 = 100. Absolute bit shipments are never disclosed - only QoQ percentage changes are.
Price per unit $374M drifting +15.0% per quarter $374.0m of revenue per index point: the basis quarter's $37.40bn DRAM revenue divided by 100.
DRAM (including HBM)

Latest: $88.22B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2023Q1 $1.92B
2023Q2 $2.90B
2023Q3 $3.99B
2023Q4 $4.82B
2024Q1 $4.92B
2024Q2 $7.02B
2024Q3 $7.91B
2024Q4 $9.51B
2025Q1 $9.21B
2025Q2 $11.24B
2025Q3 $12.53B
2025Q4 $16.19B
2026Q1 $26.69B
2026Q2 $37.40B
2026Q3E $47.31B
2026Q4E $56.13B
2027Q1E $63.57B
2027Q2E $69.63B
2027Q3E $74.42B
2027Q4E $78.14B
2028Q1E $80.98B
2028Q2E $83.12B
2028Q3E $84.71B
2028Q4E $85.88B
2029Q1E $86.73B
2029Q2E $87.34B
2029Q3E $87.75B
2029Q4E $88.03B
2030Q1E $88.21B
2030Q2E $88.30B
2030Q3E $88.33B
2030Q4E $88.33B
2031Q1E $88.28B
2031Q2E $88.22B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • Volume is an index, not a bit count. SK hynix never discloses absolute bits, only quarter-on-quarter percentage changes, so units are 100 at 2026 Q2 and the price per index point is that quarter's DRAM revenue of $37.40bn divided by 100.
  • The June quarter's arithmetic closes on the disclosed deltas: bits about +8% times ASP about +30% is +40.4%, against actual DRAM revenue growth of +40.1%. Price is doing nearly all of it - the March quarter was +65% on shipments the company described as similar to the prior quarter.
  • Bits start at the guided +10% for 2026 Q3 and glide to 4% a quarter, which is 17% a year - the rate SK hynix's own disclosed production capacity at average cost has actually compounded at (W35.2tn in 2024, W41.2tn in 2025, W48.3tn annualised in H1 2026). Utilisation was 100% for the first half of 2026, so capacity, not demand, sets shipments.
  • ASP rises 15% in the first projected quarter and glides to -4%, so in this model DRAM price peaks 44.3% above the June 2026 level in 2027 Q4 and ends the horizon 6.6% below it. The turn is timed to the cleanrooms, not to a view about prices: Yongin Y1 opens February 2027, Cheongju M17 December 2028, Yongin Y2 June 2029.
  • HBM revenue is not disclosed anywhere - not in the 424B4, not in the 6-Ks, not in the DART quarterly reports. IDC's 56.4% HBM share is a share of an external market, not a revenue line, so any HBM sub-line would be manufactured. This is the finest honest cut.
  • The company disclosed in July 2026 that it has finalised long-term agreements with around ten customers, with a typical term of around five years. That is the first contracted multi-year memory volume in its record, and it is the whole of the Song case.

NAND flash

Units × price
Basis quarter$14.41B
Final quarter$24.44B
Implied CAGR+11%
Share of revenue, final quarter22%
PV of segment cash flow$140.02B

Non-volatile memory, 27.7% of 2026 Q2 revenue and the line that inflected hardest: revenue rose 90% quarter on quarter on a mid-50% ASP increase as enterprise SSD demand for AI inference key-value cache storage overwhelmed a supply base that had been cutting output through 2025. SK hynix (with Solidigm) was the second-largest NAND supplier at an 18.5% revenue share in 2026 Q1 per IDC. Same driver shape as DRAM - bits times ASP against a fixed wafer base - with a later capacity response: Cheongju M17's first cleanroom is scheduled for December 2028.

Last four quarters
2025 Q3 $3.27B Reported
2025 Q4 $5.08B Estimated
2026 Q1 $7.60B Reported
2026 Q2 $14.41B Reported
Enterprise SSD (eSSD) for AI servers321-layer and 238-layer NAND componentsClient SSD and mobile storage (UFS)Solidigm data-centre SSD
Units 100/qtr growing +3.0% per quarter Index, 2026 Q2 = 100, on the same convention as DRAM. Absolute NAND bits are never disclosed.
Price per unit $144M drifting +15.0% per quarter $144.1m of revenue per index point: the basis quarter's $14.41bn NAND revenue divided by 100.
NAND flash

Latest: $24.44B (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2023Q1 $1.11B
2023Q2 $1.47B
2023Q3 $1.59B
2023Q4 $2.17B
2024Q1 $2.89B
2024Q2 $3.40B
2024Q3 $3.27B
2024Q4 $3.09B
2025Q1 $2.12B
2025Q2 $3.10B
2025Q3 $3.27B
2025Q4 $5.08B
2026Q1 $7.60B
2026Q2 $14.41B
2026Q3E $17.07B
2026Q4E $19.42B
2027Q1E $21.38B
2027Q2E $22.96B
2027Q3E $24.16B
2027Q4E $25.05B
2028Q1E $25.66B
2028Q2E $26.06B
2028Q3E $26.28B
2028Q4E $26.38B
2029Q1E $26.37B
2029Q2E $26.28B
2029Q3E $26.14B
2029Q4E $25.95B
2030Q1E $25.74B
2030Q2E $25.50B
2030Q3E $25.25B
2030Q4E $24.98B
2031Q1E $24.71B
2031Q2E $24.44B

Assumptions & reasoning

  • Same index convention as DRAM: units are 100 at 2026 Q2 and the price per index point is that quarter's NAND revenue of $14.41bn divided by 100. Bits start at the guided low-single-digit increase for 2026 Q3.
  • The June quarter does NOT close on the disclosed deltas: bits +15% times ASP +55% is +78%, against actual revenue growth of +89.7%. The roughly seven-point residual is mix - eSSD and 321-layer - inside an ASP the company quotes as a blended average.
  • NAND gets the harsher price path of the two lines: ASP peaks 40.9% above June 2026 in 2027 Q3 and ends the horizon 20.7% below it. The capacity answer is later than DRAM's - M17's first cleanroom is December 2028 - but the demand case is weaker too, at high-teens bit growth against DRAM's mid-20s in the company's own 2026 outlook.
  • Solidigm, the former Intel NAND business, sits inside this line and is not reported separately. On 6 August 2026 the company confirmed it is reviewing measures to strengthen that business after a report of a W5 trillion pre-IPO raise, so a disposal would change this line's composition without a disclosed baseline.
  • The terminal EBITDA margin is 30% against DRAM's 45%, which is an assumption, not a disclosure: no product-level margin exists in any filing. NAND revenue fell 31% quarter on quarter as recently as 2025 Q1, inside this very history.

Others (foundry and system LSI)

Growth path
Basis quarter$247M
Final quarter$229M
Implied CAGR-1%
Share of revenue, final quarter0%
PV of segment cash flow$187M

Everything that is not a memory bit: the SK hynix system ic and SK keyfoundry foundry businesses and CMOS image sensors. Disclosed as a residual line in the revenue-by-product note. It is 0.47% of 2026 Q2 revenue and has been flat in absolute won for three years while memory went up eleven-fold, so it is carried for reconciliation, not for the thesis.

Last four quarters
2025 Q3 $247M Reported
2025 Q4 $278M Estimated
2026 Q1 $225M Reported
2026 Q2 $247M Reported
SK hynix system ic foundrySK keyfoundry foundryCMOS image sensorsService revenue
Sequential growth -1.5%/qtr decaying toward +0.0% -1.5% a quarter, the -6.3% annualised trend of the last four quarters against the four before them.
Others (foundry and system LSI)

Latest: $229M (2031Q2E)

Period Value
2023Q1 $316M
2023Q2 $428M
2023Q3 $364M
2023Q4 $431M
2024Q1 $347M
2024Q2 $353M
2024Q3 $357M
2024Q4 $378M
2025Q1 $245M
2025Q2 $250M
2025Q3 $247M
2025Q4 $278M
2026Q1 $225M
2026Q2 $247M
2026Q3E $251M
2026Q4E $288M
2027Q1E $221M
2027Q2E $236M
2027Q3E $242M
2027Q4E $280M
2028Q1E $216M
2028Q2E $232M
2028Q3E $239M
2028Q4E $277M
2029Q1E $214M
2029Q2E $230M
2029Q3E $238M
2029Q4E $275M
2030Q1E $213M
2030Q2E $229M
2030Q3E $237M
2030Q4E $275M
2031Q1E $213M
2031Q2E $229M

Assumptions & reasoning

  • Carried so the three disclosed lines sum to reported consolidated revenue, and for no other reason: it was 0.47% of revenue in the basis quarter, W376,105m of W79,318,746m, and it has been flat in won for twelve quarters while memory went up eleven-fold.
  • Labelled 'Others' in the Korean quarterly reports, the semi-annual report and the prospectus. The naming is inconsistent between documents; the amounts tie exactly.
  • This is the only line whose seasonality is bigger than its own noise: a December lift of about 15% across three windows with a spread of 0.067, and a March discount of about 11%. It is carried because it costs nothing, and it moves consolidated revenue by under 0.1% in any quarter.
  • The 15% EBITDA margin and 10% capex intensity are assumptions from mature-node foundry peers. No margin, capex or capacity is disclosed for this line, or for any line.
Scenarios

Where each case comes from

Bear case — primary sources

The primary sources this case is built from — filings, calls and posts. Where they are claims by an interested party rather than disclosures, every number in the Bear column is what happens if they are taken at face value.

Bull case — primary sources

The primary sources this case is built from — filings, calls and posts. Where they are claims by an interested party rather than disclosures, every number in the Bull column is what happens if they are taken at face value.

Song case — primary sources

The primary sources this case is built from — filings, calls and posts. Where they are claims by an interested party rather than disclosures, every number in the Song column is what happens if they are taken at face value.

Valuation

From cash flow to fair value

Present value of free cash flow, 20 quarters$514.46B
Terminal-year revenue$453.50B
Terminal-year EBITDA$214.65B
Exit multiple, on ebitda6.0x
Terminal value$1.29T
Discounted at 11.0% a year, terminal value becomes$764.30B
Enterprise value$1.28T
Net cash$45.30B
Equity value$1.32T
Shares7.05B
Fair value per share$187.86
Against the current price of $161.61+16%

EV/EBITDA on a mid-cycle margin, not on this one. A DCF is not defensible here: the terminal value would be dominated by an ASP assumption with no long-run trend, and the discount rate would be doing less work than the margin. The base case exits at 6.0x the final four quarters' EBITDA of $214.6bn - memory has traded 4-8x mid-cycle EBITDA for two decades - discounted at 11%, above the US large-cap semi range for cycle and currency risk. Each case discounts at its own rate: 14% in Bear, 9.5% in Bull, 10.5% in Song. That gives an enterprise value of $1,279bn, a fair value of $187.86 an ADS against $158.02, and a range of $75 to $377 across the cases. Read two warnings with it. First, the exit multiple and the price path decide almost the whole answer: the terminal value is $764bn of the $1,279bn. Second, every multiple quoted about this company today annualises the most extreme quarter in its history - the same business ran a 35% operating margin across 2024 and a negative 20% one in 2023 Q3. The 6.5x on the ADS market cap, and 5.1x on the Seoul line, that today's price implies against an annualised June-quarter EBITDA of $169.5bn are floors, not multiples to underwrite. Note also what this fair value is measured against: the ADS at $158.02, which is about 26.5% above the Seoul common line at spot FX, and the operating model runs at a fixed W1,523.5 while the market embeds about W1,382.

Read the other way round: at $161.61 the market is paying 4.5x terminal-year revenue, holding every other assumption on this page fixed. That is the number to argue about.

Capital programmes

Capex outside the verticals

Each vertical's capex is a share of its own revenue, which is the right shape for capacity that scales with sales. These are not that: fixed-size programmes with their own schedule that spend whether or not any segment grows. They are added on top, and they are why free cash flow dips in the years below.

Yongin Y2

2026 Q3 → 2031 Q2
Programme total$23.12B
Cash out$1.05B/qtr

W35,224.6bn approved 7 August 2026, investment period to 31 October 2031 - 29.19% of total equity at 31 December 2025. Groundbreaking July 2027, first cleanroom June 2029, for HBM and next-generation DRAM. Carried at the filed total spread evenly over the 22 quarters of the disclosed period, because a committed fab spends on its own calendar, not on a percentage of revenue.

Cheongju M17

2026 Q3 → 2031 Q1
Programme total$12.54B
Cash out$660M/qtr

W19,100bn approved 7 August 2026, investment period to April 2031. Groundbreaking February 2027, first cleanroom December 2028, for NAND. Spread evenly over the 19 quarters of the disclosed period. This is the supply that answers the NAND price in this model, and it is dated more than two years out.

Quarter by quarter

The projected path

Quarter DRAM (including HBM)NAND flashOthers (foundry and system LSI) Revenue YoY EBITDA Capex FCF R40 PV of FCF
2026 Q3E $47.31B$17.07B$251M $64.64B +303% $49.85B $8.38B $31.93B +352 $31.11B
2026 Q4E $56.13B$19.42B$288M $75.84B +252% $55.76B $10.07B $35.18B +298 $33.39B
2027 Q1E $63.57B$21.38B$221M $85.18B +147% $59.94B $11.61B $37.21B +191 $34.41B
2027 Q2E $69.63B$22.96B$236M $92.82B +78% $62.62B $12.96B $38.24B +119 $34.45B
2027 Q3E $74.42B$24.16B$242M $98.82B +53% $64.10B $14.12B $38.49B +92 $33.78B
2027 Q4E $78.14B$25.05B$280M $103.46B +36% $64.68B $15.08B $38.19B +73 $32.66B
2028 Q1E $80.98B$25.66B$216M $106.86B +25% $64.58B $15.85B $37.52B +61 $31.26B
2028 Q2E $83.12B$26.06B$232M $109.41B +18% $64.05B $16.47B $36.63B +51 $29.73B
2028 Q3E $84.71B$26.28B$239M $111.24B +13% $63.22B $16.97B $35.61B +45 $28.16B
2028 Q4E $85.88B$26.38B$277M $112.54B +9% $62.23B $17.36B $34.55B +39 $26.61B
2029 Q1E $86.73B$26.37B$214M $113.31B +6% $61.13B $17.66B $33.48B +36 $25.12B
2029 Q2E $87.34B$26.28B$230M $113.85B +4% $60.01B $17.89B $32.44B +33 $23.72B
2029 Q3E $87.75B$26.14B$238M $114.13B +3% $58.90B $18.06B $31.45B +30 $22.40B
2029 Q4E $88.03B$25.95B$275M $114.26B +2% $57.82B $18.19B $30.52B +28 $21.18B
2030 Q1E $88.21B$25.74B$213M $114.16B +1% $56.78B $18.28B $29.65B +27 $20.05B
2030 Q2E $88.30B$25.50B$229M $114.03B +0% $55.80B $18.34B $28.85B +25 $19.00B
2030 Q3E $88.33B$25.25B$237M $113.82B +0% $54.89B $18.38B $28.11B +24 $18.04B
2030 Q4E $88.33B$24.98B$275M $113.58B -1% $54.04B $18.40B $27.44B +24 $17.16B
2031 Q1E $88.28B$24.71B$213M $113.21B -1% $53.23B $18.40B $26.82B +23 $16.34B
2031 Q2E $88.22B$24.44B$229M $112.88B -1% $52.49B $17.73B $26.77B +23 $15.88B

Every row is projected. A year-over-year change is shown only where the quarter it compares against exists — an em dash means there is no comparable quarter, not a flat year.

Track record

Model revisions

Assumptions are marked to reality as each quarter prints. Every change is appended here, with the fair value the model produced at the time, so the model's own history stays visible.

DateChangedFair value thenNote
2026-08-27 all $187.86 First published model, built on the 2026 Q2 print of 29 July 2026 and the semi-annual report 6-K of 18 August. Three disclosed product lines, fourteen quarters of history, bit-index-times-ASP drivers on both memory lines, and the two fabs approved on 7 August carried as capital programmes. Shares and net cash are pro-forma for the W40 trillion buyback and cancellation approved 19 August.