← Affirm Holdings, Inc.

AFRM · Forward model

Revenue by vertical, 20 quarters out

Model as of

Each segment is projected from its own operating driver, rolled up into consolidated cash flow, and discounted back to a fair value per share. The assumptions below are editable — change them and every number on this page moves with them.

Affirm reports five revenue lines on the face of every shareholder letter - merchant network, card network, interest income, gain on sales of loans, servicing income - and this model carries all five exactly as filed for seven quarters, from FQ2'25 (December 2024) to FQ4'26 (June 2026). Nothing is apportioned and no line is invented, so no quarter is flagged estimated. Quarter labels are FISCAL: '2026 Q4' is the quarter ended 30 June 2026, because Affirm's year ends 30 June. The FQ4'26 lines sum to $1,165,961K against $1,165,960K of reported total revenue - a $1K rounding difference and nothing else. Because this is a fiscal fourth quarter there is a full year to check against, and it checks: the four FY2026 quarters sum to merchant $1,149,932K + card $293,990K + interest $2,047,484K + gain on sale $596,553K + servicing $173,124K = $4,261,083K against $4,261,082K of reported FY2026 revenue, again $1K of rounding. Every line is disclosed; nothing here is derived. What IS assumed is the cost side. Affirm publishes no segment economics at all, so the split of the four transaction-cost lines across the five revenue lines is ours: funding costs and the provision for credit losses are charged entirely to interest income, the loss on loan purchase commitment entirely to merchant network (it arises on the 0% promotional loans merchants pay for), and processing and servicing is split across the four remaining lines. THOSE FIVE MARGINS ARE STILL CALIBRATED TO FQ3'26 AND THIS ROLL-FORWARD DELIBERATELY DID NOT RE-CUT THEM. At FQ4'26 revenue mix they produce $569.4M of RLTC against the $589.1M Affirm reported, a 3.3% shortfall, and 21% corporate overhead then produces a 27.8% adjusted operating margin against the 30.3% reported. The model is therefore conservative on margin by about 2.5 points at the basis. It was left that way on purpose: recalibrating the five to sum to $589M, on the same allocation rule, pushes card network to 49-54% and gain on sale to 92-93%, at or above their own terminal margins of 48% and 92% - so the glide would run backwards. That cannot be fixed without moving terminal margins, which is a re-thesis rather than a roll-forward. It is the first thing a future revision should settle. Two known distortions, stated rather than tuned away. First, this spec carries no seasonality array even though the engine supports one (four factors per vertical, supported by the model engine), so merchant network and gain on sale grow at a smooth sequential rate. That is why the model cannot be solved onto the FQ1'27 revenue guide of $1,190-1,220M: June is Affirm's seasonal peak and September steps down from it, so any growth rate that lands on the September guide is negative and destroys the path. Growth here is therefore calibrated on the FY2027 guide instead, and the near-quarter residual is reported in each vertical. Second, corporate overhead is a fixed share of revenue here, so the operating leverage Affirm promises - the same RLTC yield carrying a lower opex ratio - has to be carried in each vertical's terminal margin instead of in a falling overhead line. One sourcing limitation, stated rather than worked around: the FQ4'26 shareholder letter is furnished to the SEC as an image-only HTML exhibit, and the IR PDF's extractable text drops several letters, so no new verbatim sentence could be taken from it beyond the management quotes captured for the quarter. Two source items therefore still quote the FQ3'26 and FQ2'26 letters where the FQ4'26 print has superseded the figures - funding capacity is now $30.0B against the $28.0B in the quoted sentence, and Affirm Card grew 124% with cardholders up 125% against the 159%/121% in the quoted one. The quotes are accurate as of their own dates; the current figures are in the vertical notes.

AFRM REVENUE MODEL

Latest: $2.80B (2031Q4E)

Period Value
2025Q2 $866M
2025Q3 $783M
2025Q4 $876M
2026Q1 $933M
2026Q2 $1.12B
2026Q3 $1.04B
2026Q4 $1.17B
2027Q1E $1.24B
2027Q2E $1.32B
2027Q3E $1.40B
2027Q4E $1.48B
2028Q1E $1.57B
2028Q2E $1.66B
2028Q3E $1.75B
2028Q4E $1.85B
2029Q1E $1.95B
2029Q2E $2.06B
2029Q3E $2.17B
2029Q4E $2.28B
2030Q1E $2.34B
2030Q2E $2.40B
2030Q3E $2.47B
2030Q4E $2.53B
2031Q1E $2.59B
2031Q2E $2.66B
2031Q3E $2.73B
2031Q4E $2.80B
Scenarios

Where each case comes from

Levchin case — primary sources

The primary sources this case is built from — filings, calls and posts. Where they are claims by an interested party rather than disclosures, every number in the Levchin column is what happens if they are taken at face value.

Valuation

From cash flow to fair value

The published model, discounted at 12.0% a year with an exit multiple of 5.0x on revenue. The sliders above do not change this walk.

Present value of free cash flow, 20 quarters$6.03B
Terminal-year revenue$10.78B
Terminal-year EBITDA$3.36B
Exit multiple, on revenue5.0x
Terminal value$53.91B
Discounted at 12.0% a year, terminal value becomes$30.59B
Share of enterprise value from the terminal84%
Enterprise value$36.62B
Net cash$1.47B
Equity value$38.09B
Shares0.35B
Fair value per share$108.92
Against the deployed price of $67.99, as of +60%

5x terminal revenue against roughly 6.3x trailing at $77.33 today. A business still compounding near 20% with a 33% adjusted operating margin deserves a real multiple, but it is a levered consumer lender at the end of this horizon rather than a hypergrowth network, and paying today's multiple for that is an argument this model does not make. The 12% discount rate is deliberately above what a software business would carry: Affirm funds a loan book, and the cost of that funding is the risk.

Read the other way round: at $67.99 the market is paying 2.7x terminal-year revenue, holding every other assumption on this page fixed. That is the number to argue about.

Quarter by quarter

The projected path

Quarter Merchant network revenueCard network revenueInterest incomeGain on sales of loansServicing income Revenue YoY EBITDA Capex FCF R40 PV of FCF
2027 Q1E $320M$94M$602M$176M$48M $1.24B +33% $350M $69M $219M +51 $213M
2027 Q2E $338M$103M$638M$187M$51M $1.32B +17% $377M $71M $238M +35 $225M
2027 Q3E $358M$111M$675M$199M$53M $1.40B +34% $405M $74M $258M +53 $237M
2027 Q4E $379M$120M$713M$212M$56M $1.48B +27% $434M $76M $279M +46 $249M
2028 Q1E $402M$128M$752M$226M$58M $1.57B +26% $464M $79M $301M +46 $261M
2028 Q2E $426M$137M$792M$241M$61M $1.66B +26% $496M $82M $323M +45 $273M
2028 Q3E $451M$145M$833M$257M$64M $1.75B +25% $529M $85M $347M +45 $284M
2028 Q4E $479M$153M$876M$273M$67M $1.85B +25% $564M $88M $371M +45 $296M
2029 Q1E $508M$161M$920M$291M$70M $1.95B +24% $600M $91M $397M +45 $307M
2029 Q2E $539M$169M$964M$310M$73M $2.06B +24% $638M $95M $423M +45 $319M
2029 Q3E $572M$178M$1.01B$330M$76M $2.17B +24% $677M $99M $451M +45 $330M
2029 Q4E $608M$186M$1.06B$351M$80M $2.28B +24% $719M $103M $480M +45 $342M
2030 Q1E $608M$193M$1.11B$352M$83M $2.34B +20% $737M $105M $493M +41 $341M
2030 Q2E $606M$201M$1.16B$352M$87M $2.40B +17% $755M $106M $506M +38 $340M
2030 Q3E $605M$209M$1.21B$352M$90M $2.47B +14% $773M $108M $518M +35 $339M
2030 Q4E $603M$217M$1.26B$352M$94M $2.53B +11% $791M $110M $531M +32 $338M
2031 Q1E $602M$225M$1.32B$352M$98M $2.59B +11% $810M $112M $544M +32 $336M
2031 Q2E $600M$233M$1.37B$352M$102M $2.66B +11% $829M $114M $557M +32 $335M
2031 Q3E $599M$240M$1.43B$352M$107M $2.73B +11% $849M $117M $571M +32 $333M
2031 Q4E $598M$248M$1.49B$352M$111M $2.80B +11% $868M $119M $584M +32 $332M

Every row is projected. A year-over-year change is shown only where the quarter it compares against exists — an em dash means there is no comparable quarter, not a flat year.

Track record

Model revisions

Assumptions are marked to reality as each quarter prints. Every change is appended here, with the fair value the model produced at the time, so the model's own history stays visible.

DateFair value thenNote
2026-08-21 $107.49 First publication. Five reported revenue lines from FQ2'25 to FQ3'26, basis FQ3'26. Segment margins calibrated so they sum to the reported $498M of RLTC and 21% corporate overhead reproduces the reported 27.0% adjusted operating margin. Base fair value $107.49 against $77.33; bear $41.44, Levchin $153.50, bull $175.92.
2026-08-31 $108.92 Roll-forward to FQ4'26, the quarter ended 30 June 2026, reported 27 August. Basis moves from FQ3'26 to FQ4'26 and the five filed revenue lines get a seventh quarter: merchant network $302.4M, card network $85.2M, interest income $567.3M, gain on sales of loans $165.1M, servicing income $46.1M. They sum to $1,165,961K against $1,165,960K reported, and because this is a fiscal fourth quarter the four quarters also sum to $4,261,083K against $4,261,082K of reported FY2026 revenue. All five disclosed; nothing estimated. Every guided line for the quarter printed above its high end, and this was the 11th consecutive quarter of 30%+ GMV growth after the May outlook had guided the streak to end. Drivers move to the reported levels: GMV $14,057M on both the merchant and gain-on-sale lines, cardholders 5.2M against 27.8M active consumers, loans held for investment $9,561M. Market inputs: 349,731,167 diluted shares from the release, price $77.49 from the close file, and net cash $1,473M on Affirm's own definition - cash and equivalents plus securities available for sale minus convertible senior notes - which reproduces the previous $1,352M from the March balance sheet exactly. Base fair value $108.92 against $107.49, on a share price that has barely moved. WHAT WAS DELIBERATELY LEFT ALONE, because the print argues with it and a roll-forward is not the place to settle it. First, the merchant fee rate: it fell to 2.151% from 2.310%, below a band that had held at 2.30-2.49% for six quarters, and the model still drifts it down only 0.75% a quarter. The letter says the cause is D2C mix, which is exactly the cannibalisation this line was built to fear. Second, the five segment margins are still calibrated to FQ3'26 and now sum to $569M of RLTC against $589M reported, leaving the model 2.5 points light on adjusted operating margin at the basis; re-cutting them to $589M on the same allocation rule would push card network and gain on sale to or above their own terminal margins, so it cannot be done without moving terminal margins, which is out of scope here. Third, revenue per cardholder printed $5.46 against an assumed $5.00 and the -0.5% drift stays. Fourth, active consumers grew 3.7% in the quarter against an assumed 2%, and the loan book added $988M against an assumed $600M - both left where they were, both understatements now on the record. The only growth rate that moved is servicing, 6.5% to 5.0%, because its last three sequential prints were 7.7%, 4.4% and 3.2% and the published rate was above every one of them. GMV growth stays at 6.5% a quarter: it cannot be solved onto the FQ1'27 revenue guide because this spec carries no seasonality array and September steps down from Affirm's June peak, so any rate that lands on the near quarter is negative. Calibrated on the year instead, and it lands well: the first projected quarter is $1,239.9M against a $1,190-1,220M guide, 2.9% above the midpoint, and FY2027 comes out at $5,433M of revenue on $66.0B of GMV against a guide of more than $64B at about 8.5% of GMV, which is $5,440M - 0.1% below. The mechanical consequence to surface: with the basis quarter now $14.1B instead of $11.6B, the $30B quarterly GMV ceiling binds about two quarters earlier, from 2030 Q1. The ceiling was not moved to hide that. A future revision should settle the cost allocation and the merchant fee drift, and should give this spec the seasonality array the engine already supports.