ADBE · Forward model · Bull case
The Bull case, 20 quarters out
Model as of
Each segment is projected from its own operating driver, rolled up into consolidated cash flow, and discounted back to a fair value per share. The assumptions below are editable — change them and every number on this page moves with them.
Disclosed lines only, and there are only two of them. Adobe combined Digital Media, Digital Experience and Publishing and Advertising into ONE reportable segment in fiscal 2026 Q1 and recast prior periods, so no segment split exists to model. What Adobe still discloses is subscription revenue by customer group in Note 2 of the 10-Q, and this model carries exactly those two lines - Creative & Marketing Professionals and Business Professionals & Consumers - plus a third vertical that is the arithmetic residual of total revenue less the two. Ten contiguous quarters, 2024 Q1 to 2026 Q2. Seven of the ten customer-group quarters are read straight off a filed table; three are marked estimated because they are a filed full period less a filed year-to-date figure, and both derived fiscal years close exactly against the 10-K. Every quarter of the residual line is marked estimated for the same reason. The three verticals sum to reported consolidated revenue in all ten quarters by construction, and the residual decomposes correctly where its pieces are published: $89m of product plus $113m of services and other plus $26m of other subscription is the $228m of fiscal 2026 Q2. The driver is growth on all three lines, and that is a disclosure limit rather than laziness. Adobe publishes no subscriber count, no ARPU and no ARR by customer group - its stated key metric is Total Adobe ARR for the company as a whole, $27.10bn - so a subscription driver would need three invented numbers. There is no capacity to model either: capex was $58m in the basis quarter, 0.9% of revenue. All three lines are aseasonal, and that is a finding, not a gap: on a centred four-quarter moving average the Creative & Marketing Professionals shape has a 0.50% signal against a 0.65% worst window spread and Business Professionals & Consumers 0.76% against 0.47%, both below the rounding in Adobe's own guidance, with the same test on fourteen quarters of consolidated revenue giving 0.73% against 0.67%. This is a GAAP model throughout. Vertical margins are the disclosed gross margins - 90.9% consolidated subscription gross margin on both customer groups, because Adobe publishes no cost of revenue by group, and 42% on the residual, where a negative-margin consulting line drags a 94% product line down. Every operating expense sits in corporate overhead at 52.3% of revenue, the level that makes the first projected quarter print a 36.9% EBITDA margin, which is the guided 34.0% GAAP operating margin plus depreciation running at 2.9% of revenue. Stock-based compensation of $534m a quarter, 8.1% of revenue, is NOT added back. Free cash flow here is therefore EBITDA less capex less cash tax at the guided 22.5% GAAP rate, and it is deliberately well below both Adobe's reported $2,165m of quarterly operating cash flow and anything computed on the company's non-GAAP basis, where EPS is $5.96 against the GAAP $4.25. The model reproduces its target. Fiscal 2026 Q3 is the guided quarter, reporting 10 September 2026: the base case prints $6,719m of revenue against guidance of $6.67-6.72bn, $4,612m of CMP against $4.61-4.64bn and $1,888m of BPC against $1.87-1.89bn, and the full year lands at $26,555m, $18,224m and $7,446m against $26.50-26.60bn, $18.21-18.27bn and $7.44-7.48bn. One thing had to be resolved to get there: Adobe's own third-quarter guidance is not additive, because the customer-group midpoints of $6,505m plus the residual's $228m run rate exceed the $6.72bn top of the total-revenue range. The model resolves it by taking the customer groups near the low end of their ranges and decaying the residual at 4.0% a quarter rather than its 3.2% trailing rate, which is stated here rather than buried. Seventy-three percent of enterprise value sits in the terminal, so the exit multiple matters more than any single-quarter input: each 1.0x of exit EV/EBITDA is worth about $20.66 a share, 7.1% of the current price, and the multiple at which the base case equals today's $291.52 is about 10.1x against the 12.0x the market pays today. No consensus estimate is carried. Adobe reports on two EPS bases that differ by $1.71 a share in the basis quarter, and the only outside number available for this name is a 12-month price target, which is not an estimate of anything the model projects; the $272.22 average across 40 analysts is used only to check that the $234.84 to $378.83 scenario spread is not absurd.
AI adds to the franchise faster than it erodes it: terminal sequential growth is 0.4 points higher on every line, margins run 1.5 points above the disclosed level as AI-first products carry premium pricing, and the exit holds 13.0x EBITDA - still below the multiple the market paid through most of 2025. The evidence is the basis quarter itself. AI-first ARR tripled year over year past $500m, Adobe raised the fiscal 2026 revenue and non-GAAP EPS targets on the print, and the quarter beat the midpoint of its own revenue guide by about $163m of which only about $40m came from Semrush. Fiscal 2030 revenue reaches $34.5bn and fair value is $378.83, 30% above the price and just under the $385 target Phillip Securities carried in June 2026. What this case does not reach is a re-rating back to the 20x-plus EBITDA multiple Adobe held in fiscal 2023; 13.0x still assumes the AI question is never fully answered.
Latest: $9.13B (2031Q2E)
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2024Q1 | $5.18B |
| 2024Q2 | $5.31B |
| 2024Q3 | $5.41B |
| 2024Q4 | $5.61B |
| 2025Q1 | $5.71B |
| 2025Q2 | $5.87B |
| 2025Q3 | $5.99B |
| 2025Q4 | $6.19B |
| 2026Q1 | $6.40B |
| 2026Q2 | $6.62B |
| 2026Q3E | $6.72B |
| 2026Q4E | $6.82B |
| 2027Q1E | $6.93B |
| 2027Q2E | $7.04B |
| 2027Q3E | $7.15B |
| 2027Q4E | $7.26B |
| 2028Q1E | $7.38B |
| 2028Q2E | $7.50B |
| 2028Q3E | $7.62B |
| 2028Q4E | $7.75B |
| 2029Q1E | $7.87B |
| 2029Q2E | $8.00B |
| 2029Q3E | $8.14B |
| 2029Q4E | $8.27B |
| 2030Q1E | $8.41B |
| 2030Q2E | $8.55B |
| 2030Q3E | $8.69B |
| 2030Q4E | $8.83B |
| 2031Q1E | $8.98B |
| 2031Q2E | $9.13B |
What drives each segment
Creative & Marketing Professionals
Growth pathThe larger of the two customer groups Adobe discloses and 68.6% of revenue in the basis quarter: Creative Cloud flagship apps - Photoshop, Lightroom, Illustrator, Premiere - together with the entire former Digital Experience stack of Experience Platform, Analytics, Real-Time CDP, Experience Manager, Marketo and GenStudio, plus Semrush from 28 April 2026. Revenue is subscription recognised ratably, so a quarter is set by the contracted base rather than by that quarter's selling, and the line has grown between 2.0% and 3.4% sequentially for ten straight quarters without a single down quarter. The driver is growth rather than subscribers times price because Adobe publishes this line's revenue and nothing underneath it: no subscriber count, no ARPU, and no ARR by customer group.
Latest: $6.33B (2031Q2E)
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2024Q1 | $3.55B |
| 2024Q2 | $3.64B |
| 2024Q3 | $3.71B |
| 2024Q4 | $3.84B |
| 2025Q1 | $3.92B |
| 2025Q2 | $4.02B |
| 2025Q3 | $4.12B |
| 2025Q4 | $4.25B |
| 2026Q1 | $4.39B |
| 2026Q2 | $4.54B |
| 2026Q3E | $4.61B |
| 2026Q4E | $4.69B |
| 2027Q1E | $4.77B |
| 2027Q2E | $4.85B |
| 2027Q3E | $4.93B |
| 2027Q4E | $5.01B |
| 2028Q1E | $5.09B |
| 2028Q2E | $5.18B |
| 2028Q3E | $5.26B |
| 2028Q4E | $5.35B |
| 2029Q1E | $5.44B |
| 2029Q2E | $5.53B |
| 2029Q3E | $5.63B |
| 2029Q4E | $5.72B |
| 2030Q1E | $5.82B |
| 2030Q2E | $5.92B |
| 2030Q3E | $6.02B |
| 2030Q4E | $6.12B |
| 2031Q1E | $6.22B |
| 2031Q2E | $6.33B |
Assumptions & reasoning
- Ten contiguous quarters. Seven are read straight off a filed revenue-disaggregation table in a 10-Q or the 10-K; three are marked estimated because they are arithmetic on two filed figures - 2024 Q1 is the six months ended 31 May 2024 less the three months ended 31 May 2024, and 2024 Q4 and 2025 Q4 are each a 10-K full year less the matching nine-month figure from that year's third-quarter 10-Q.
- Both derived years close exactly against the 10-K: 3,550 + 3,643 + 3,715 + 3,841 = 14,749 for fiscal 2024 and 3,922 + 4,019 + 4,117 + 4,245 = 16,303 for fiscal 2025, which are the figures Adobe reports for those years.
- This is not a segment. Adobe combined Digital Media, Digital Experience and Publishing and Advertising into one reportable segment in fiscal 2026 Q1 and recast prior periods, so there is no segment revenue or segment profit split left to model. What survives is the customer-group revenue disaggregation in Note 2, and that is exactly what this vertical carries.
- Sequential growth of 1.65% lands fiscal 2026 Q3 at $4,612m against guidance of $4.61bn to $4.64bn, and the fiscal year at $18,224m against guidance of $18.21bn to $18.27bn. The basis quarter itself grew 3.37% sequentially, so the model is carrying management's guided deceleration rather than the trailing rate.
- Adobe warns the split is not perfectly clean: revenue attributable to certain product entitlements may be recognised in either customer group, so a shift in how a bundled entitlement is booked would move revenue between this line and Business Professionals & Consumers without changing the total.
Business Professionals & Consumers
Growth pathAcrobat, Acrobat AI Assistant, Acrobat Studio and Adobe Express: 28.0% of revenue in the basis quarter and the faster-growing of the two disclosed groups, up 16% year over year for six straight quarters. The strategic argument is reach, since Acrobat Reader is freemium and the funnel is measured in billions of users, and the monetisation argument is that AI assistants convert document consumption into a subscription. Adobe attributes the growth to one product, Acrobat. As with the other customer group, revenue is published and the seat base behind it is not, so the driver is a sequential growth rate calibrated to guidance rather than a subscriber count Adobe has never disclosed.
Latest: $2.67B (2031Q2E)
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2024Q1 | $1.34B |
| 2024Q2 | $1.39B |
| 2024Q3 | $1.44B |
| 2024Q4 | $1.50B |
| 2025Q1 | $1.53B |
| 2025Q2 | $1.59B |
| 2025Q3 | $1.65B |
| 2025Q4 | $1.72B |
| 2026Q1 | $1.78B |
| 2026Q2 | $1.85B |
| 2026Q3E | $1.89B |
| 2026Q4E | $1.92B |
| 2027Q1E | $1.96B |
| 2027Q2E | $2.00B |
| 2027Q3E | $2.03B |
| 2027Q4E | $2.07B |
| 2028Q1E | $2.11B |
| 2028Q2E | $2.15B |
| 2028Q3E | $2.19B |
| 2028Q4E | $2.23B |
| 2029Q1E | $2.27B |
| 2029Q2E | $2.31B |
| 2029Q3E | $2.35B |
| 2029Q4E | $2.40B |
| 2030Q1E | $2.44B |
| 2030Q2E | $2.48B |
| 2030Q3E | $2.53B |
| 2030Q4E | $2.58B |
| 2031Q1E | $2.62B |
| 2031Q2E | $2.67B |
Assumptions & reasoning
- Ten contiguous quarters on the same disclosure basis as the other customer group, with the same three estimated quarters derived the same way and closed by the same fiscal-year sums: 1,339 + 1,389 + 1,437 + 1,497 = 5,662 for fiscal 2024 and 1,534 + 1,595 + 1,648 + 1,718 = 6,495 for fiscal 2025, both equal to the 10-K.
- Adobe's own fiscal 2026 guidance for this line is not internally consistent quarter to quarter: the third-quarter range implies a 1.46% sequential step and the full-year range then implies about 3.5% in the fourth. No mechanism is given for the step-up, so the model smooths it to 1.90%, which lands Q3 at $1,888m inside the guided $1.87-1.89bn and the year at $7,446m inside the guided $7.44-7.48bn.
- The margin carried here is the consolidated subscription gross margin of 90.9%, the same figure used for the other customer group, because Adobe publishes no cost of revenue by customer group at all. Splitting one disclosed margin into two undisclosed ones would be invention, so the model does not.
- No Acrobat or Express subscriber count or price is published, so nothing in this line separates seats from pricing. A 16% growth rate that is mostly price is a different business from one that is mostly seats, and the disclosure does not say which it is.
Product, services and legacy subscription
Growth pathEverything Adobe reports outside the two customer groups: perpetual and term product licences, consulting, training and technical support, and the legacy Publishing & Advertising subscription line. It was $228m in the basis quarter, 3.4% of revenue, and it is shrinking - it was $293m nine quarters earlier. Adobe wrote off $70m of goodwill on the Publishing & Advertising reporting unit in the basis quarter, which is management's own statement about where this line is going. It is modelled as a single declining residual because that is the only shape the disclosure supports across all ten quarters.
Latest: $133M (2031Q2E)
| Period | Value |
|---|---|
| 2024Q1 | $293M |
| 2024Q2 | $277M |
| 2024Q3 | $256M |
| 2024Q4 | $268M |
| 2025Q1 | $258M |
| 2025Q2 | $259M |
| 2025Q3 | $223M |
| 2025Q4 | $231M |
| 2026Q1 | $227M |
| 2026Q2 | $228M |
| 2026Q3E | $219M |
| 2026Q4E | $211M |
| 2027Q1E | $203M |
| 2027Q2E | $196M |
| 2027Q3E | $190M |
| 2027Q4E | $184M |
| 2028Q1E | $179M |
| 2028Q2E | $174M |
| 2028Q3E | $170M |
| 2028Q4E | $165M |
| 2029Q1E | $161M |
| 2029Q2E | $157M |
| 2029Q3E | $154M |
| 2029Q4E | $150M |
| 2030Q1E | $147M |
| 2030Q2E | $144M |
| 2030Q3E | $141M |
| 2030Q4E | $138M |
| 2031Q1E | $136M |
| 2031Q2E | $133M |
Assumptions & reasoning
- Every quarter of this line is estimated, and deliberately so: it is total consolidated revenue less the two disclosed customer-group lines. Adobe does not publish it as a line, so the honest label is computed rather than reported, and by construction the three verticals sum to reported revenue in all ten quarters.
- The residual is not a plug, because where all the pieces are published it decomposes exactly: fiscal 2026 Q2 is $89m of product revenue plus $113m of services and other revenue plus $26m of other subscription revenue, which is $228m. The same identity holds in fiscal 2026 Q1 at $90m + $110m + $27m = $227m.
- A three-way split cannot be carried back across the whole history: Adobe published Publishing & Advertising as a separate subscription line only from fiscal 2026, so before that the legacy piece cannot be separated from product and services without apportioning it, which the model refuses to do.
- The decline is set at 4.0% a quarter, faster than the 3.2% trailing rate over nine quarters, because Adobe's own fiscal 2026 Q3 revenue guidance implies a residual of $140m to $240m against the $228m delivered in each of the last two quarters. That is the one place where the guided total and the guided customer groups do not add up, and the model resolves it here rather than by pushing the customer groups outside their guided ranges.
- Consulting runs a negative gross margin - services and other revenue was $113m against $124m of cost in the basis quarter - so this line shrinking is mildly accretive to the consolidated margin. The flat 42% terminal margin does not capture that, which makes it a small conservatism.
Where each case comes from
Bear case — primary sources
The primary sources this case is built from — filings, calls and posts. Where they are claims by an interested party rather than disclosures, every number in the Bear column is what happens if they are taken at face value.
What the basis quarter says about erosion
- Jun 11, 2026 GAAP results reflect a $0.17 per share non-cash goodwill impairment charge related to the Publishing & Advertising reporting unit.
- Dec 10, 2025 Total Adobe Annualized Recurring Revenue (“ARR”) exiting the year was $25.20 billion, representing 11.5% year-over-year growth.
- Jun 11, 2026 Total Adobe ending ARR growth 10.2% year over year
Bull case — primary sources
The primary sources this case is built from — filings, calls and posts. Where they are claims by an interested party rather than disclosures, every number in the Bull column is what happens if they are taken at face value.
What the basis quarter says about acceleration
- Jun 11, 2026 AI-first ARR triples year over year and exceeds $500 million
- Jun 11, 2026 Adobe achieved record revenue of $6.62 billion in its second quarter of FY2026, which represents 13% year-over-year growth, or 11% in constant currency.
- Jun 15, 2026 Total Adobe ARR grew to $27.10 billion at the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2026, representing 12.5% year-over-year growth, including approximately $480 million from the Semrush acquisition and further driven by strength in Creative Cloud Pro, Acrobat, and Adobe Experience Platform and related apps.
From cash flow to fair value
| Present value of free cash flow, 20 quarters | $36.24B |
| Terminal-year revenue | $35.64B |
| Terminal-year EBITDA | $13.72B |
| Exit multiple, on ebitda | 13.0x |
| Terminal value | $178.38B |
| Discounted at 9.0% a year, terminal value becomes | $115.93B |
| Enterprise value | $152.17B |
| Net cash | -$1.02B |
| Equity value | $151.15B |
| Shares | 0.40B |
| Fair value per share | $378.83 |
| Against the deployed price of $292.79, as of | +29% |
Adobe trades at 4.4x guided fiscal 2026 revenue and 12.0x the GAAP EBITDA that guidance implies - a $117.3bn enterprise value, being $116.3bn of equity on 399m guided diluted shares plus $1.0bn of net debt, over the $9.8bn of EBITDA the guided $26.55bn of revenue produces at the guided 35% GAAP operating margin plus 2.9% of depreciation. The exit takes 11.0x EBITDA on the trailing four projected quarters, a modest de-rate for a line whose sequential growth has decayed from 1.65% to about 1.30% by then. EBITDA is the exit basis rather than revenue because the margin is the input under pressure: subscription cost of revenue grew 16.0% year over year against 13.7% subscription revenue growth, and a revenue multiple would hide that. For scale, this repository carries Salesforce at a 4.5x exit on revenue against roughly 10% growth and ServiceNow at 7.5x against 22%.
Read the other way round: at $292.79 the market is paying 9.2x terminal-year revenue, holding every other assumption on this page fixed. That is the number to argue about.
The projected path
| Quarter | Creative & Marketing Professionals | Business Professionals & Consumers | Product, services and legacy subscription | Revenue | YoY | EBITDA | Capex | FCF | R40 | PV of FCF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 Q3E | $4.61B | $1.89B | $219M | $6.72B | +12% | $2.58B | $62M | $1.95B | +41 | $1.91B |
| 2026 Q4E | $4.69B | $1.92B | $211M | $6.82B | +10% | $2.62B | $64M | $1.98B | +39 | $1.90B |
| 2027 Q1E | $4.77B | $1.96B | $203M | $6.93B | +8% | $2.67B | $66M | $2.01B | +37 | $1.89B |
| 2027 Q2E | $4.85B | $2.00B | $196M | $7.04B | +6% | $2.71B | $68M | $2.05B | +35 | $1.88B |
| 2027 Q3E | $4.93B | $2.03B | $190M | $7.15B | +6% | $2.75B | $70M | $2.08B | +35 | $1.87B |
| 2027 Q4E | $5.01B | $2.07B | $184M | $7.26B | +6% | $2.80B | $72M | $2.11B | +36 | $1.86B |
| 2028 Q1E | $5.09B | $2.11B | $179M | $7.38B | +7% | $2.84B | $74M | $2.15B | +36 | $1.84B |
| 2028 Q2E | $5.18B | $2.15B | $174M | $7.50B | +7% | $2.89B | $76M | $2.18B | +36 | $1.83B |
| 2028 Q3E | $5.26B | $2.19B | $170M | $7.62B | +7% | $2.94B | $78M | $2.21B | +36 | $1.82B |
| 2028 Q4E | $5.35B | $2.23B | $165M | $7.75B | +7% | $2.98B | $80M | $2.25B | +36 | $1.81B |
| 2029 Q1E | $5.44B | $2.27B | $161M | $7.87B | +7% | $3.03B | $82M | $2.29B | +36 | $1.80B |
| 2029 Q2E | $5.53B | $2.31B | $157M | $8.00B | +7% | $3.08B | $84M | $2.32B | +36 | $1.79B |
| 2029 Q3E | $5.63B | $2.35B | $154M | $8.14B | +7% | $3.13B | $85M | $2.36B | +36 | $1.78B |
| 2029 Q4E | $5.72B | $2.40B | $150M | $8.27B | +7% | $3.18B | $87M | $2.40B | +36 | $1.78B |
| 2030 Q1E | $5.82B | $2.44B | $147M | $8.41B | +7% | $3.24B | $89M | $2.44B | +36 | $1.77B |
| 2030 Q2E | $5.92B | $2.48B | $144M | $8.55B | +7% | $3.29B | $91M | $2.48B | +36 | $1.76B |
| 2030 Q3E | $6.02B | $2.53B | $141M | $8.69B | +7% | $3.35B | $93M | $2.52B | +36 | $1.75B |
| 2030 Q4E | $6.12B | $2.58B | $138M | $8.83B | +7% | $3.40B | $95M | $2.56B | +36 | $1.74B |
| 2031 Q1E | $6.22B | $2.62B | $136M | $8.98B | +7% | $3.46B | $96M | $2.61B | +36 | $1.73B |
| 2031 Q2E | $6.33B | $2.67B | $133M | $9.13B | +7% | $3.52B | $98M | $2.65B | +36 | $1.72B |
Every row is projected. A year-over-year change is shown only where the quarter it compares against exists — an em dash means there is no comparable quarter, not a flat year.
Model revisions
Assumptions are marked to reality as each quarter prints. Every change is appended here, with the fair value the model produced at the time, so the model's own history stays visible.
| Date | Fair value then | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-31 | $310.37 | First published model. Built on the fiscal 2026 Q2 8-K Exhibit 99.1 and 10-Q, with ten contiguous quarters of the disclosed customer-group subscription disaggregation and a computed residual, calibrated to reproduce every guided fiscal 2026 line. |